Morphofunctional organization of the temporo-parieto-occipital subarea of the human cerebral cortex: a review

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Abstract

One of the pressing challenges in modern neuromorphology is the comprehensive study of the morphofunctional characteristics of various parts of the human cerebral cortex. Of particular interest are the associative areas of the neocortex. The need to study these areas is dictated by their significant role in mediating the most complex manifestations of brain activity associated with the control of higher mental functions and human behavior.

Currently, a significant amount of information has been accumulated on the cyto- and fibroarchitectonics of associative cortical areas, and numerous data have been obtained on their neuronal organization and connections with various brain structures. However, determining the localization of functions to specific associative cortical areas of the human brain faces difficulties stemming from differences in the cytoarchitectonic maps used by Russian and foreign researchers.

The aim of this review is to analyze and systematize current data on the morphofunctional organization of the temporo-parieto-occipital subarea of the neocortex, represented by cytoarchitectonic area 37 in the posterior associative cortex, which plays a crucial role in human cognitive brain activity. The article provides a detailed description of the structural features of area 37 according to existing atlases of neocortical cyto- and fibroarchitectonics, as well as atlases of human brain connectomics. It is demonstrated that the use of modern neuromorphological techniques and in vivo brain imaging methods allows a more accurate and complete identification of the structural and functional organization of area 37, as well as the development of a deeper understanding of its role in mediating complex cognitive functions and the systemic processes of multisensory analytical-synthetic activity of the human brain.

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About the authors

Tatiana A. Tsekhmistrenko

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: tsekhmistrenko_ta@pfur.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2130-9405
SPIN-code: 5771-0558

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Sami Omar

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

Email: sami_omar@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9930-9726
SPIN-code: 4492-2116

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, Moscow

Dmitry K. Obukhov

Saint-Petersburg State University

Email: dkobukhov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7233-0752
SPIN-code: 2676-9890

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Valentine I. Kozlov

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

Email: kozlov_vi@pfur.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6332-748X
SPIN-code: 7574-5991

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Tatyana V. Kokoreva

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

Email: kokoreva_tv@pfur.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5929-0696
SPIN-code: 1705-5670
Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Cytoarchitectonic fields of the human cerebral cortex: a, c — on the lateral surface of the hemisphere; b, d — on the medial surface of the hemisphere; colour-coded areas indicate: a, b — Brodmann area 37 (1909) [5] and c, d — subareas within area 37, in accordance with the atlas of the cytoarchitectonics of the human cerebral cortex (1955) [7].

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3. Fig. 2. Morphofunctional mapping (parcellation) of the human cerebral cortex in the Human Brain Connectome Atlas and its extended version: a — lateral surface of the left hemisphere; b — medial surface of the left hemisphere; c — inferior surface of the left hemisphere; the conventions for designating cortical regions are based on E.T. Rolls et al. [13] and are described in the text of the article. Image adapted from Rolls ET, et al. 2022 [13]. © Rolls E.T. et al., 2022. Distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND licence.

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4. Fig. 3. Cytological architecture of the subfields of Field 37, showing the boundaries between them: Roman numerals denote cytological layers; arrows indicate the boundaries between subfields. Illustration adapted from Sarkisov S.A. et al. 1955 [7].

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5. Fig. 4. Stratification of the temporal-parietal-occipital subregion of the neocortex in boys during their first year of life in subfields 37as and 37a — differences in cytoarchitectonics between the subfields: a — newborn, b — 12-month-old infant; Roman numerals — cytoarchitectonic layers; Nissl staining with cresyl violet; magnification 9 × 10 (own observations).

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6. Fig. 5. Areas of white matter involved in visuospatial attention processes — visualisation using diffusion tensor MRI tractography: a — inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF); b — inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus (IFOF). (Based on data from Lunven M, Bartolomeo P [95]. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS).

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7. Fig. 6. Radial fibre bundles in layer V of subfield 37as of the temporal-parietal-occipital subregion in children of different ages — with increasing age, there is an increase in the thickness of the bundles and the number of fibres they contain: a — 5 months; b — 5 years; c — 9 years; d — 11 years; stained with silver nitrate according to Peters; magnification 20 × 10 (own observations).

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