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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">109582</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/1026-3543-2021-159-2-37-46</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Postnatal neurogenesis in the human brain</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Постнатальный нейрогенез в головном мозгу человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-382X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4810-2535</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mustafin</surname><given-names>Rustam N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафин</surname><given-names>Рустам Наилевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.биол.н.</p></bio><email>ruji79@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-3334</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7408-9797</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khusnutdinova</surname><given-names>Elza K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хуснутдинова</surname><given-names>Эльза Камилевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.биол.н., проф., член-корр. РАО, академик АНРБ</p></bio><email>elzakh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-08-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>159</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-08-01"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-08-01"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Mustafin R.N., Khusnutdinova E.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Мустафин Р.Н., Хуснутдинова Э.К.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mustafin R.N., Khusnutdinova E.K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мустафин Р.Н., Хуснутдинова Э.К.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/109582">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/109582</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Recently, a lot of data has been gathered which demonstrates neurogenesis in the brain of adult humans. In genetics, findings have been obtained that not only prove, but also elucidate the molecular mechanisms of neurogenesis. In some publications, however, morphology disputes neuronal renewal in adulthood. Therefore, this review presents the modern achievements of epigenetics, morphology, and physiology, which confirm and characterize postnatal neurogenesis in detail. We suggest that the introduction of molecular genetic technologies into morphological studies will be the starting point for the integration of these areas, complementing each other for the introduction of targeted therapy in clinical practice. Numerous evidence has been obtained of the presence of postnatal neurogenesis in adult humans in studies using bromodeoxyuridine, a carbon isotope of <sup>14</sup>C, and <sup>3</sup>H-thymidine, in comparative analyses of experimental data from animals. Neuronal stem cells, represented by radial glia present in the subventricular and subgranular zones of the human brain, are morphologically similar to neuroepithelial cells. They express marker proteins for astrocytes, which suggests that the proliferation of neuroglia found in adults can also indicate the regeneration of neurons. To prove this, further studies are required, with the exact identification of newly-formed cells, using specific molecular markers, and data from modern epigenetics. The integration of molecular genetic methods into morphology will facilitate not only the accurate determination of the classification of cells to a specific subpopulation but also to study the effects of various agents on the proliferation of neurons in the adult brain.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время накоплен богатый материал о нейрогенезе в головном мозгу взрослого человека. И если в генетике появляется всё больше данных, не только доказывающих, но и подробно описывающих молекулярные механизмы данного явления, в морфологии имеются работы, оспаривающие обновление нейронов в зрелом возрасте. В связи с этим в обзоре представлены современные достижения эпигенетики, морфологии и физиологии, подтверждающие и подробно характеризующие постнатальный нейрогенез. Сделано предположение, что внедрение молекулярно-генетических технологий в морфологические исследования стало бы отправной точкой для интеграции данных направлений, взаимодополняющих друг друга для использования полученных результатов в клинической практике. Получены многочисленные доказательства наличия постнатального нейрогенеза у взрослого человека в исследованиях с бромдезоксиуридином, радиоизотопом углерода <sup>14</sup>С и <sup>3</sup>Н-тимидина, сравнительным анализом с экспериментальными данными на животных. Нейрональные стволовые клетки, представленные радиальной глией в субвентрикулярной и субгранулярной зонах головного мозга человека, морфологически сходны с нейроэпителиальными клетками. Они экспрессируют маркерные для астроцитов белки, и это позволяет утверждать, что обнаруживаемая у взрослых людей пролиферация нейроглии может свидетельствовать также об обновлении нейронов. Для доказательства этого необходимы дальнейшие исследования с точной идентификацией вновь образуемых клеток с использованием специфических молекулярных маркеров и данных современной эпигенетики. Интеграция методов молекулярной генетики в морфологию даст возможность не только точно определять принадлежность клеток к определённой субпопуляции, но исследовать влияние различных агентов на пролиферацию нейронов взрослого человека.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hippocampus</kwd><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>differentiation</kwd><kwd>neuronal stem cells</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гиппокамп</kwd><kwd>головной мозг</kwd><kwd>дифференцировка</kwd><kwd>нейрональные стволовые клетки</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pereira Fernandes DP, Bitar M, Jacobs FM, Barry G. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Neuronal Aging. Noncoding RNA. 2018;4:E12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pereira Fernandes D.P., Bitar M., Jacobs F.M., Barry G. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Neuronal Aging // Noncoding RNA. 2018. 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