<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">110834</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.110834</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ultrastructure of rat cerebral cortex cells in normal and experimental dioxin poisoning</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ультраструктура клеток коры головного мозга крыс в норме и при экспериментальном отравлении диоксином</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3928-4974</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6507461440</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6865-5296</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Salnikova</surname><given-names>Marina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сальникова</surname><given-names>Марина Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>m_salnikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3052-6463</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3708-8862</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovleva</surname><given-names>Anastasia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлева</surname><given-names>Анастасия Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>jakovleva_ana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9815-1314</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57221666317</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">B-2678-2019</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9206-0274</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saitov</surname><given-names>Vadim R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саитов</surname><given-names>Вадим Расимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sinsavara@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1049-0467</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7469-9567</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubev</surname><given-names>Anatoliy I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубев</surname><given-names>Анатолий Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anatolii.golubev_1937@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный центр токсикологической, радиационной и биологической безопасности</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-09-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>159</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/110834">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/110834</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic></bold> Currently, the treatment of dioxin intoxication is only symptomatic as there are no developed methods of therapy for it. Therefore, various manifestations of the effect of dioxin on biological objects of animal origin are being actively studied.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM:</italic></bold> The study of the ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex of rats in normal and experimental poisoning with dioxin.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</italic></bold> We studied the ultrastructure of the cells of the pyramidal layer of the cerebral cortex of rats of the control and experimental groups that were chronically exposed to small doses of dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin or TCDD). Morphometric analysis was carried out to determine the length of synaptic clefts, the number of synapses per unit area, the thickness of the myelin layer of the processes, and the number of wrappers of myelin sheaths.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold> The pathology of neurons was observed both at the optical and ultrastructural levels. It was characterized by a decrease in nuclei, cell death, thinning of myelin sheaths, and demyelination. There was a significant positive correlation between dose of poisoning and the degree of destruction of neurons. The number of synaptic contacts decreased with an increase in their average length.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSIONS:</italic> </bold>Demyelination, impaired cellular respiration, and destruction of synaptic contacts indicated the ability of dioxin to indirectly cause accelerated aging of neurons and their death (apoptosis).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Обоснование.</italic></bold> В настоящее время не существует разработанных средств терапии при диоксиновой интоксикации: лечение носит лишь симптоматический характер, вследствие чего различные проявления воздействия диоксина на биологические объекты животного происхождения активно изучаются.</p> <p><italic><bold>Цель</bold> —</italic> изучить ультраструктуру коры головного мозга крыс в норме и при экспериментальном отравлении диоксином.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы.</italic> </bold>Исследована ультраструктура клеток пирамидного слоя коры головного мозга крыс контрольной и опытных групп, получавших хроническое отравление малыми дозами диоксина (2,3,7,8-тетрахлордибензо-пара-диоксин). Проведён морфометрический анализ с определением длины синаптических щелей, количества синапсов на единицу площади, толщины миелиновой оболочки внутрикорковых нервных волокон и числа оборотов миелина.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> Как на светооптическом, так и на ультраструктурном уровне патология нейронов характеризуется уменьшением ядер, гибелью клеток, истончением миелиновых оболочек и демиелинизацией. Доза отравления коррелирует со степенью деструкции нейронов: с увеличением дозы диоксина изменения становятся существеннее. Количество самих синаптических контактов снижается, но при этом происходит значимое увеличение их средней длины.</p> <p><bold><italic>Выводы.</italic></bold> Процессы демиелинизации, нарушения клеточного дыхания и деструкции синаптических контактов свидетельствуют о способности диоксина опосредовано вызывать ускоренное старение нейронов и их гибель (апоптоз).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>neurons</kwd><kwd>dioxin</kwd><kwd>synapses</kwd><kwd>demyelination</kwd><kwd>morphometric analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>нейроны</kwd><kwd>диоксин</kwd><kwd>синапсы</kwd><kwd>демиелинизация</kwd><kwd>морфометрический анализ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kopf PG, Walker MK. Overview of developmental heart defects by dioxins, PCBs, and pesticides. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2009;27(4):276–285. doi: 10.1080/10590500903310195</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kopf P.G., Walker M.K. Overview of developmental heart defects by dioxins, PCBs, and pesticides // J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2009. Vol. 27, N 4. P. 276–285. doi: 10.1080/10590500903310195</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vos JG, Kuper CF. Chemically-Induced Immunopathology and Immune Functional Changes. J Toxicol Pathol. 2004;17(2):137–146. doi: 10.1293/tox.17.137</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vos J.G., Kuper C.F. Chemically-Induced Immunopathology and Immune Functional Changes // J Toxicol Pathol. 2004. Vol. 17, N 2 P. 137–146. doi: 10.1293/tox.17.137</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ulahovich NA, Kutyreva MP, Medyantseva EP., Babkina SS. Ecotoxicants. Kazan: KGU; 2010. 56 p. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Улахович Н.А., Кутырева М.П., Медянцева Э.П., Бабкина С.С. Экотоксиканты. Казань: КГУ, 2010. 56 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hassoun EA, Li F, Abushaban A, Stohs SJ. The relative abilities of TCDD and its congeners to induce oxidative stress in the hepatic and brain tissues of rats after subchronic exposure. Toxicology. 2000;145(2-3):103–113. doi: 10.1016/s0300-483x(99)00221-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hassoun E.A., Li F., Abushaban A., Stohs S.J. The relative abilities of TCDD and its congeners to induce oxidative stress in the hepatic and brain tissues of rats after subchronic exposure // Toxicology. 2000. Vol. 145, N 2–3. P. 103–113. doi: 10.1016/s0300-483x(99)00221-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Byers JP, Masters K, Sarver JG, Hassoun EA. Association between the levels of biogenic amines and superoxide anion production in brain regions of rats after subchronic exposure to TCDD. Toxicology. 2006;228(2-3):291–298. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.09.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Byers J.P., Masters K., Sarver J.G., Hassoun E.A. Association between the levels of biogenic amines and superoxide anion production in brain regions of rats after subchronic exposure to TCDD // Toxicology. 2006. Vol. 228, N 2-3. P. 291–298. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.09.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wan C, Liu J, Nie X, et al. 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin (TCDD) induces premature senescence in human and rodent neuronal cells via ROS-dependent mechanisms. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e89811. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089811</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wan C., Liu J., Nie X., et al. 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin (TCDD) induces premature senescence in human and rodent neuronal cells via ROS-dependent mechanisms // PLoS One. 2014. Vol. 9, N 2. P. e89811. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089811</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saitov VR, Osyanin KA, Salnikova MM, et al. Influence of dioxin on cells ultrastructure of sheep organs in low doses. Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University. 2011;(4):87–94. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Саитов В.Р., Осянин К.А., Сальникова М.М., и др. Влияние диоксина на ультраструктуру клеток различных органов овец в малых дозах // Вестник Новосибирского государственного аграрного университета. 2011. № 4 (20). С. 87–94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosińczuk J, Dymarek R, Całkosiński I. Histopathological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical assessment of hippocampus structures of rats exposed to TCDD and high doses of tocopherol and acetylsalicylic acid. Biomed Res Int. 2015:645603. doi: 10.1155/2015/645603</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosińczuk J., Dymarek R., Całkosiński I. Histopathological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical assessment of hippocampus structures of rats exposed to TCDD and high doses of tocopherol and acetylsalicylic acid // Biomed Res Int. 2015. P. 645603. doi: 10.1155/2015/645603</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandell JH, Peters A. Disrupted myelin and axon loss in the anterior commissure of the aged rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol. 2003;466(1):14–30. doi: 10.1002/cne.10859</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandell J.H., Peters A. Disrupted myelin and axon loss in the anterior commissure of the aged rhesus monkey // J Comp Neurol. 2003. Vol. 466, N 1. P. 14–30. doi: 10.1002/cne.10859</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peters A, Sethares C, Luebke JI. Synapses are lost during aging in the primate prefrontal cortex. Neuroscience. 2008;152(4):970–981. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.07.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peters A., Sethares C., Luebke J.I. Synapses are lost during aging in the primate prefrontal cortex // Neuroscience. 2008. Vol. 152, N 4. P. 970–981. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.07.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bibikova EE, Guskov AO, Haritonova EA. Morphological manifestations of neuronal lipofuscinosis. Tver Medical Journal. 2018;(3):45–46. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бибикова Е.Е., Гуськов А.О., Харитонова Е.А. Морфологические проявления нейронального липофусциноза // Тверской медицинский журнал. 2018. № 3. С. 45–46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shakirova SM. Morphological changes in peripheral nervous system of sheep in nitrate intoxication. RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries. 2013;(4):28–34. (In Russ). doi: 10.22363/2312-797X-2013-4-28-34</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шакирова С.М. Морфологические изменения в периферической нервной системе овец при нитратной интоксикации // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Агрономия и животноводство. 2013. № 4. С. 28–34. doi: 10.22363/2312-797X-2013-4-28-34</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reva IV, Reva GV, Yamamoto TT, et al. Aging and ischemia neurons. Modern Problems of Science and Education. 2015;(2-2):811. (In Russ). doi: 10.17513/spno.129-22050</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рева И.В., Рева Г.В., Ямамото Т.Т., и др. Старение и ишемия нейронов // Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2015. № 2–2. С. 811.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saitov VR, Salnikova MM, Malyutina LV. Rabbit ultrastructure cortex study at affect of ecotoxicants and some drugs. Veterinarny Vrach. 2014;(1):14–20. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Саитов В.Р., Сальникова М.М., Малютина Л.В. Изучение ультраструктуры коры больших полушарий кроликов, при сочетанном воздействии экотоксикантов и применении лекарственных средств // Ветеринарный врач. 2014. № 1. С. 14–20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
