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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">397748</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.397748</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOLEVEL MECHANISMS THAT DETERMINE STRENGTH AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BONE TISSUE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ НАНОУРОВНЕВЫХ МЕХАНИЗМОВ, ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИХ ПРОЧНОСТНЫЕ И ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА КОСТНОЙ ТКАНИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Avrunin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аврунин</surname><given-names>Александр Самуэльевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>a_avrunin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlychev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлычев</surname><given-names>Андрей Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра электроники твердого тела, физический факультет</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisov-Nikolskiy</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисов-Никольский</surname><given-names>Юрий Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Центр биомедицинских технологий</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Doktorov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Докторов</surname><given-names>Александр Альбертович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Центр биомедицинских технологий</p></bio><email>doctorovaa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградов</surname><given-names>Александр Степанович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра электроники твердого тела, физический факультет</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatova</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатова</surname><given-names>Елена Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра электроники твердого тела, физический факультет</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivosenko</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривосенко</surname><given-names>Юрий Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра электроники твердого тела, физический факультет</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shubnyakov</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубняков</surname><given-names>Игорь Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian R. R. Vreden Scientific Research Institute of Trauma tology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научно-исследовательский институт травматологии и ортопедии им. Р. Р. Вредена</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский институт лекарственных и ароматических растений</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>150</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 150, NO5 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 150, №5 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-05-09"><day>09</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/397748">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/397748</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>On the basis of literature data and the authors’ original research, morphologic characteristics of mechanisms that determine mechanical properties of bone structures at nanolevel are summarized, and future perspectives and methods of research are formulated. It is shown that one of the mechanisms defining mechanical properties of the skeleton is represented by the bonds formed between organic matrix components that are mediated by bivalent ions. A hypothesis is formulated that bonds between minerals through their hydrate layer play the main role in the establishment of hierarchical mineral matrix organization and its properties. Probing bone structures by x-ray spectral methods like XANES spectroscopy was suggested as a perspective technology for investigating local electron and atomic structure of hydrate layer and its participation in the functioning of nanolevel mechanisms defining mechanical and physico-chemical bone tissue properties. It is suggested that such morphological investigation with the use of calculated simulation could be helpful in getting a more complete knowledge of mechanical characteristics and properties of bone matrix mineral component.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>На основе данных литературы и результатов собственных исследований, представлены морфологические характеристики механизмов, обусловливающих механические свойства костных структур в наномасштабе и намечены дальнейшие пути и методы их исследования. Показано, что одним из механизмов, определяющих механические свойства скелета, являются связи, образующиеся между органическими компонентами матрикса с участием двухвалентных ионов. Высказана гипотеза, что основную роль в формировании иерархической организации минерального компонента матрикса и его свойств играют связи между минералами через их гидратный слой. В качестве важного направления исследований указывается на зондирование костных структур с использованием рентгеноспектральных методов, в частности, XANES-спектроскопии. Последняя представляется перспективной технологией, позволяющей охарактеризовать как локальное электронное и атомное строение гидратного слоя, так и его участие в работе наноуровневых механизмов, определяющих механические и физико-химические свойства костной ткани. Предполагается, что подобные морфологические исследования с использованием расчетного моделирования позволят получить более полное представление о механических характеристиках и свойствах минерального компонента костного матрикса.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bone tissue</kwd><kwd>mechanical properties</kwd><kwd>nanoscale mechanisms</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>костная ткань</kwd><kwd>механические свойства</kwd><kwd>наноуровневые механизмы</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Аврунин А. С., Мельников Б. Е., Паршин Л. К. и др. О физической природе жёсткости и прочности костной ткани // Науч.-тех. ведомости СПбГПУ. 2010. Т. 106, № 3. С. 205-210.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Аврунин А. С., Семёнов А. С., Фёдоров И. В. и др. Влияние минеральной связи между объединениями кристаллитов на механические свойства костного матрикса. 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