Objective - to identify the influence of adverse environmental conditions on the morphotype and body composition of males who live in Middle Ob region. Material and methods. Two hundred seventy-six adult males (22-60 years old) belonging to native, non-indigenous and migrant population were enrolled to the study. The comprehensive research program included anthropometric and anthropological measurements for the evaluation of physical development and body composition. The applied anatomical and anthropological approaches were based on the recommendations of V. G. Nikolayev (2005), which allow assessment of the body type and composition of the males of different age and somatotype categories. Results. The morphotypes of the males from the Middle Ob region had age-specific differences and varied depending on the somatotype category. The calculations of the proportion of fat, muscle and bone tissues in the total body mass objectively evaluated the adaptation level of the males of different morphotypes to a harsh environment. Long-term residence in the North regions lead to the unidirectional highly specialized morpho-functional reaction of the male organism manifested in the increased body mass and a higher proportion of muscular-and-bone component. Conclusions. The study showed that the specific environmental conditions of the Middle Ob region contribute to the creation of the set of morphological and functional characteristics that facilitate life in adverse natural and climatic environment.