MorphologyMorphologyМорфология1026-35432949-2556Eco-Vector39898010.17816/morph.398980ArticlesСтатьиFUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE SURFACE EPITHELIUM OF ESOPHAGEAL TUNICAMUCOSAФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ МОРФОЛОГИЯ ПОКРОВНОГО ЭПИТЕЛИЯ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ ПИЩЕВОДАBYKOVV LБЫКОВВ Л

I.P. Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg

Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова

ISEYEVAYe AИСЕЕВАЕ А

I.P. Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg

Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова

I.P. Pavlov State Medical University, St. PetersburgСанкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова150820061293NO3 (2006)№3 (2006)72109052023Copyright ©; 2006, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2006, Эко-Вектор2006Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/398980

This review presents the systematized summary of classical and current conceptions on the functional morphology of the surface epithelium of esophageal tunica mucosa. The data describing the architecture of epithelial lining, classification and structure of its layers, are presented. The detailed characteristics of the cells of each layer and their ultrastructure, organization of germinal compartment, stem cell distribution and activity as related to their topography, are presented. The parameters of epitheliocyte cell cycle, mechanisms controlling their proliferation and circadian rhythms by growth factors and hormones, changes of proliferation activity under natural, pathological and experimental conditions, are discussed. The process of epithelial desquamation is described, as well as a mucus layer covering the epithelial surface together with its sources and protective role. The characteristics of the process of epitheliocyte apoptosis and the mechanisms of its control in normal and pathological states, are presented.

В обзоре систематизированы и обобщены классические и современные представления о функциональной морфологии покровного эпителия слизистой оболочки пищевода, его архитектонике, ультраструктуре, дифференцировке, организации пролиферативного компартмента, распределении и активности стволовых клеток, параметрах клеточного цикла, механизмах его регуляции факторами роста и гормонами, процессах десквамации и апоптоза эпителиоцитов в норме, патологии и эксперименте. Приведенные данные показывают, что покровный эпителий пищевода представляет собой сложно организованную тканевую систему, в которой в физиологических условиях сбалансирована активность механизмов образования клеток, их дифференцировки и гибели путем апоптоза. Эпителий пищевода обладает высокой способностью к регенерации и располагает рядом защитных механизмов, противодействующих влиянию повреждающих факторов. Поломка механизмов, контролирующих тканевый гомеостаз, вследствие длительно повторяющихся повреждающих воздействий может приводить к развитию диспластических явлений и опухолевому росту.

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