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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">398986</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.398986</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE IN APOPTOSIS OF RETINAL NEURONS IN HUMAN FETUSES</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>РОЛЬ ОКСИДА АЗОТА В АПОПТОЗЕ НЕЙРОНОВ СЕТЧАТКИ ГЛАЗАПЛОДОВ ЧЕЛОВЕКА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveeva</surname><given-names>N Yu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеева</surname><given-names>Н Ю</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра гистологии (зав. - проф. П.А. Мотавкин), лаборатория цитофизиологии (зав. - канд. биол. наук МА. Ващенко) и физиологии (зав. - канд. биол. наук С.Л. Кондрашов); Владивостокский государственный медицинский университет, Институт биологии моря ДВО РАН</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinichenko</surname><given-names>S G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калиниченко</surname><given-names>С Г</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра гистологии (зав. - проф. П.А. Мотавкин), лаборатория цитофизиологии (зав. - канд. биол. наук МА. Ващенко) и физиологии (зав. - канд. биол. наук С.Л. Кондрашов); Владивостокский государственный медицинский университет, Институт биологии моря ДВО РАН</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushchin</surname><given-names>I I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пущин</surname><given-names>И И</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра гистологии (зав. - проф. П.А. Мотавкин), лаборатория цитофизиологии (зав. - канд. биол. наук МА. Ващенко) и физиологии (зав. - канд. биол. наук С.Л. Кондрашов); Владивостокский государственный медицинский университет, Институт биологии моря ДВО РАН</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Motavkin</surname><given-names>P A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мотавкин</surname><given-names>П А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра гистологии (зав. - проф. П.А. Мотавкин), лаборатория цитофизиологии (зав. - канд. биол. наук МА. Ващенко) и физиологии (зав. - канд. биол. наук С.Л. Кондрашов); Владивостокский государственный медицинский университет, Институт биологии моря ДВО РАН</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Matveyeva</surname><given-names>N Yu</given-names></name><bio xml:lang="en"><p>; Vladivostok State Medical University, RAS Far-Eastern Branch Institute of Marine Biology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kalinichenko</surname><given-names>S G</given-names></name><bio xml:lang="en"><p>; Vladivostok State Medical University, RAS Far-Eastern Branch Institute of Marine Biology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pushchin</surname><given-names>I I</given-names></name><bio xml:lang="en"><p>; Vladivostok State Medical University, RAS Far-Eastern Branch Institute of Marine Biology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Motavkin</surname><given-names>P A</given-names></name><bio xml:lang="en"><p>; Vladivostok State Medical University, RAS Far-Eastern Branch Institute of Marine Biology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Владивостокский государственный медицинский университет, Институт биологии моря ДВО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vladivostok State Medical University, RAS Far-Eastern Branch Institute of Marine Biology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2006-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2006</year></pub-date><volume>129</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO1 (2006)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№1 (2006)</issue-title><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-05-09"><day>09</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2006, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2006, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2006</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2009-03-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/398986">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/398986</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The localization ofNADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d), inducible NO-synthase (iNOS) and TUNEL-immunoreactive neurons was studied in the retina of human fetuses in the I-III trimesters of pregnancy. High NADPH-d activity was found in internal segments of photosensory cells, amacrine and ganglion cells. The population of NADPH-d-positive amacrine cells included three types of neurons. Neurons of the 1st type had large size and scarce dendritic field, occupying the inner nuclear and outer plexiform layers. Small neurons of the 2nd type were located in the inner plexiform layer. Ectopic amacrine cells of 3rd type could be found in the outer part of the ganglion cell layer. High density of the NADPH-d-positive neurons was detected in the central portion of retina surrounding fovea centralis and the optic disk area. The activity of NADPH-d was found to grow progressively in ontogenesis and to correlate with the appearance of immunoreactive iNOS in neurons. Immunoreactive iNOS marked a subpopulation of amacrine and ganglion cells which appeared in weeks 20-21 of gestation and attained maximal immunoreactivity by the end of the III trimester. TUNEL-immunoreactive nuclei of the neurons with the signs of the apoptotic destruction were found in weeks 30-31 of gestation. The highest apoptotic index was found in the population of ganglion cells. The data obtained strongly suggest that NO is a factor, mediating the neuronal apoptosis during the critical period of a differentiation of interneuronal connections in the human retina.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследовали локализацию NADPH-диафоразы (NADPH-d), индуцибельной NO-синтазы (iNOS) и TUNEL-иммунореактивных нейронов в сетчатке плодов человека триместров беременности. Высокая активность NADPH-d обнаружена во внутренних сегментах фотосенсорных клеток, амакриновых и ганглионарных клетках. Популяция NADPH-d-позитивных амакриновых клеток включает 3 типа нейронов. Нейроны первого типа имеют большой размер и бедное дендритное поле, занимающее внутренний ядерный и наружный сетчатый слои. Мелкие нейроны второго типа локализуются во внутреннем сетчатом слое. Эктопированные амакриновые клетки третьего типа выявляются в наружном отделе ганглионарного слоя. Высокая плотность NADPH-d-позитивных нейронов наблюдается в центральной части сетчатки, окружающей центральную ямку и область диска зрительного нерва. Активность NADPH-d в онтогенезе прогрессивно возрастает и коррелирует с появлением в нейронах иммунореактивной iNOS. Последняя маркирует субпопуляцию амакриновых и ганглионарных клеток, которые появляются на 20-21-й неделе развития и достигают максимума иммунореактивности к концу III триместра. TUNEL-иммунореактивные ядра нейронов с признаками апоптотической деструкции обнаруживаются на 30-31-й неделе беременности. Наибольший апоптотический индекс определяется в популяциях ганглионарных и амакриновых клеток. Полученные данные позволяют рассматривать NO как фактор, опосредующий апоптоз нейронов в критический период дифференцировки межнейронных связей сетчатки глаза человека.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>nitric oxide</kwd><kwd>amacrine cells</kwd><kwd>ganglion cells</kwd><kwd>photoreceptors</kwd><kwd>neurogenesis of the human retina</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>оксид азота</kwd><kwd>амакриновые клетки</kwd><kwd>ганглионарные клетки</kwd><kwd>фотосенсорные клетки</kwd><kwd>нейрогенез сетчатки глаза человека</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Брюне Б., Сандау К. и фон Кнетен А. Апоптотическая гибель клеток и оксид азота: механизмы активации и антагонистические сигнальные пути (обзор). Биохимия, 1998, т. 63, вып. 7, с. 966-975.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Лушников Е.Ф. и Абросимов А.Ю. 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