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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">399418</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.399418</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">HISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE EPIDERMAL GLAND CELLS IN SOME INVERTEBRATES IN PHYLOGENETIC ASPECT</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ГИСТОХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ЖЕЛЕЗИСТЫХ КЛЕТОК КОЖНОГО ЭПИТЕЛИЯ НЕКОТОРЫХ БЕСПОЗВОНОЧНЫХ - ФИЛОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolyarova</surname><given-names>M V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столярова</surname><given-names>М В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра гистологии и эмбриологии (зав. - проф. Э.И. Валькович); Санкт-Петербургская государственная педиатрическая медицинская академия</p></bio><email>mvstolyarova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Val'kovich</surname><given-names>E I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валькович</surname><given-names>Э И</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра гистологии и эмбриологии (зав. - проф. Э.И. Валькович); Санкт-Петербургская государственная педиатрическая медицинская академия</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stolyarova</surname><given-names>M V</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Valkovich</surname><given-names>E I</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургская государственная педиатрическая медицинская академия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff2"><institution></institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2010-11-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>138</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO (2010)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№ (2010)</issue-title><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-05-09"><day>09</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2010, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2010, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/399418">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/399418</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper reviews the basic results of findings on the structure and function of the epidermal gland cells in some invertebrates of different levels of organization. These data are compared with the results on the higher animals. Histochemical affinities of the epidermal gland cells in different animals are considered. The presence of the universal (ancient) cell types also found in mammals and in human is suggested. Marine invertebrate groups considered in this paper are characterized by a presence of a simple ciliated surface epithelium which fulfills different functions: locomotor, secretory, receptor, barrier, protective and absorption. In the process of phylogenesis, the epidermis of chordates underwent structural changes and intensification of protective function took place with the appearance of new protective mechanisms. The conclusion is done that the evolutionary development of surface epithelium is determined by its adaptation to environmental conditions and by the level of general organization; it followed the direction of intensification of protective function with the help of different mechanisms - mucus production, increase of cell layers number, intensive formation of cytoplasmic filaments, appearance of special protective structures in the form of cuticle or corneous layer.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассмотрены результаты научных исследований по строению и функционированию железистых клеток кожного эпителия беспозвоночных разных уровней организации в сравнении с вышестоящими животными. Обсуждаются гистохимические особенности железистых клеток кожного эпителия у разных животных. Установлено наличие универсальных (древних) клеточных типов, присутствующих также у млекопитающих и человека. Для представителей рассмотренных групп беспозвоночных, обитающих в морской среде, характерно наличие однослойного мерцательного покровного эпителия, выполняющего различные функции: локомоторную, секреторную, рецепторную, барьерную, защитную, абсорбции. У хордовых в процессе филогенеза происходит изменение строения покровного эпителия и усиление защитной функции с появлением новых защитных механизмов. Сделано заключение о том, что эволюционное развитие кожного эпителия определялось адаптацией к условиям окружающей среды и уровнем общей организации, оно шло по пути интенсификации защитной функции с помощью разных механизмов - выработки слизи, увеличения числа слоев клеток, формирования цитоплазматических филаментов, образования специальных защитных структур в виде кутикулы или рогового слоя.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epidermis</kwd><kwd>gland cells</kwd><kwd>invertebrates</kwd><kwd>evolution</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кожный эпителий</kwd><kwd>железистые клетки</kwd><kwd>беспозвоночные</kwd><kwd>эволюция</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Атаманова М.В. Кожный и кишечный эпителии кишечнодышащих как этап филогенетического развития эпителиев хордовых. 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