MorphologyMorphologyМорфология1026-35432949-2556Eco-Vector39947410.17816/morph.399474ArticlesСтатьиINJURY AND REPARATIVE REGENERA-TION OF THE ORAL MUCOSAL EPITHELIUM AFTER CYTOSTATIC DRUGS ADMINISTRA-TION (TISSUE, CELL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS)ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЕ И РЕПАРАТИВНАЯ РЕГЕНЕРАЦИЯ ЭПИТЕЛИЯ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ ПОЛОСТИ РТА ПРИ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИИ ЦИТОСТАТИКОВ (ТКАНЕВЫЕ, КЛЕТОЧНЫЕ И МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ)BykovV LБыковВ Л

Кафедра гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии (зав. - проф. В.Л. Быков); Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова

Leont'evaI VЛеонтьеваИ В

Кафедра гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии (зав. - проф. В.Л. Быков); Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова

BykovV LLeontievaI VСанкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова150620111392NO2 (2011)№2 (2011)71709052023Copyright ©; 2011, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2011, Эко-Вектор2011Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/399474

This paper presents the systematized summary of current literature data and the authors' own findings on the regularities of human and animal surface oral mucosal epithelium (OME) injury caused by cytostatic drugs (CSD) administration, and on the ways of its regeneration after the cytostatic chemotherapy (CSCT) discontinuation. Tissue, cell and molecular mechanisms of CSCT effects on OME, are described. The direct effects of CSD included the epithelial layer attenuation with the derangement of its architecture, epitheliocyte proliferation suppression, apoptosis activation, and differentiation disturbances (involving the broad spectrum of cytological, cytochemical, ultrastructural and molecular-biological changes). In severe cases, these processes resulted in the loss of the epithelial layer integrity with the development of ulceration. Complete epithelial regeneration requires a long period after the CSCT discontinuation. Indirect effects of CSD on OME are associated with the microbial invasion and the diffusion of microbial vital activity products into the epithelium with concurrent leukopenia, immunosuppression and decreased salivary secretion.

В статье систематизированы и обобщены данные современной литературы и собственных наблюдений авторов о закономерностях повреждения покровного эпителия слизистой оболочки полости рта (СОПР) человека и лабораторных животных под действием цитостатиков (ЦС) и путях его регенерации после прекращения цитостатической химиотерапии (ЦСХТ). Описаны тканевые, клеточные и молекулярные механизмы влияния ЦСХТ на эпителий СОПР. Прямое действие ЦС проявляется истончением эпителиального пласта, нарушениями его архитектоники, угнетением пролиферации эпителиоцитов, активацией их апоптоза и нарушениями дифференцировки (с широким спектром цитологических, цитохимических, ультраструктурных и молекулярно-биологических изменений). В тяжелых случаях эти процессы приводят к потере целостности эпителиального пласта - развитию изъязвлений. Полное его восстановление происходит лишь спустя длительные сроки после прекращения ЦСХТ. Непрямое влияние ЦС на эпителий СОПР связано с внедрением в него микроорганизмов и поступлением продуктов их жизнедеятельности на фоне лейкопении, угнетения иммунитета и снижения секреции слюны.

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