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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">562844</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.562844</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Age-related changes in the microstructural organization of the human posterior associative cortex from birth to age 12 years</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возрастные изменения микроструктурной организации задней ассоциативной коры большого мозга человека от рождения до 12 лет</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2130-9405</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5771-0558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsekhmistrenko</surname><given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цехмистренко</surname><given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор</p></bio><email>tsekhmistrenko2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7233-0752</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2676-9890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Obukhov</surname><given-names>Dmitry K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обухов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Константинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор</p></bio><email>dkobukhov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-9726</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4492-2116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Omar</surname><given-names>Sami</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омар</surname><given-names>Сами</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sami_omar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт возрастной физиологии Российской академии образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St Petersburg University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-10-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>161</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-23"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-09-11"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-01-15"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/562844">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/562844</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> Human posterior associative cortex, including its temporoparietal–occipital subarea, is important in cognitive control, verbal activity, sensory stimuli processing, and attention regulation, visuomotor responses, and situational decision making. Despite data suggesting the prolonged formation of these higher mental functions during postnatal ontogeny, the posterior associative cortex has been insufficiently characterized with respect to microstructural transformations in its individual functionally specialized zones during childhood development.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> This study aimed to examine age-related changes in the cytoarchitecture of functionally differentiated zones of the posterior associative cortex in the temporal and occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres from birth to 12 years of age.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> The study analyzed 73 left cerebral hemispheres of male children from birth to age 12 years who died because of an accident. Computerized morphometry was employed to measure cortical thickness, outer pyramidal plate thickness, and pyramidal neuron profile field area on Nissl-stained paraffin sections of the cortex taken in the temporoparietal–occipital subarea (subareas 37ac, 37a, and 37d) and area 19 of the occipital region. Quantitative data were analyzed at annual intervals.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> The thickness of the posterior associative cortex increased on the lateral surface of the temporal and occipital lobes at the ages of 1, 4, and 7 years; on the inferior medial surface of the temporal lobe at the ages of 1 and 6 years; and on its medial surface at the ages of 1 and 7 years. The layer III thickness in subareas 37ac, 37a, and 37d significantly increased synchronously with the increase in cortical cross-sectional area, and in area 19, it continued from the age of 4 to 7 years after the stabilization of the group-average indicators of cortical thickness in this field. All areas examined were characterized by a two-step growth of cortical thickness, which exceeded the growth rate of layer III thickness in relation to the total cortical cross-section. The size of the pyramidal neurons in subareas 37ac and 37d increased in two stages, whereas those in subarea 37a and area 19 increased in three stages of different durations.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSIONS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>Microstructural changes in the posterior associative cortex in children are heterochronic, heterodynamic, and specialized not only in topographically and functionally distinct cortical areas but also in separate cytoarchitectonic fields, subfields, and level of cytoarchitectonic layers and intracortical microstructural components. The most significant morphofunctional transformations are observed during the first year of life and at the ages of 3–4, 6–7, and 10 years.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Задняя ассоциативная кора большого мозга человека, в том числе её височно-теменно-затылочная подобласть, играет ключевую роль в системах когнитивного контроля, речевой деятельности, обработки сенсорных стимулов, а также регуляции внимания, зрительно-моторных реакций и принятия ситуативных решений. Несмотря на продолжительное формирование высших психических функций в постнатальном онтогенезе, задняя ассоциативная кора недостаточно охарактеризована с точки зрения особенностей микроструктурных преобразований в её функционально специализированных зонах в процессе развития детей.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — изучение возрастных изменений цитоархитектоники в функционально отличающихся зонах задней ассоциативной коры в области височной и затылочной долей полушарий большого мозга у детей от рождения до 12 лет.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Исследованы 73 левых полушария большого мозга мальчиков в возрасте от рождения до 12 лет, погибших в результате несчастных случаев. С помощью компьютерной морфометрии на окрашенных по Нисслю парафиновых срезах коры, взятой в височно-теменно-затылочной подобласти (подполя 37ас, 37а, 37d) и в поле 19 затылочной области, измеряли толщину коры, толщину наружной пирамидной пластинки и площадь профильного поля пирамидных нейронов. Статистический анализ количественных данных проводили в годовых интервалах.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Толщина задней ассоциативной коры у детей на латеральной поверхности височной и затылочной долей увеличивалась к 1, 4 и 7 годам, на нижнемедиальной поверхности височной доли — к 1 и 6 годам, на её медиальной поверхности — к 1 и 7 годам. Значимое нарастание толщины слоя III в подполях 37ас, 37а и 37d происходило синхронно с увеличением коркового поперечника, а в поле 19 продолжалось от 4 до 7 лет после стабилизации среднегрупповых показателей толщины коры в этом поле. Для всех исследованных зон характерны двухэтапный рост толщины коры, опережающие темпы нарастания толщины слоя III по отношению к общему корковому поперечнику. Размеры пирамидных нейронов в подполях 37ас и 37d увеличивались в два этапа, в подполе 37а и поле 19 — в три этапа разной продолжительности.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Микроструктурные изменения задней ассоциативной коры у детей носят гетерохронный, гетеродинамический и специализированный характер не только в топографически и функционально отличающихся областях коры, но и в отдельных цитоархитектонических полях, подполях, а также на уровне цитоархитектонических слоёв и внутрикорковых микроструктурных компонентов. Наиболее значимые морфофункциональные преобразования отмечаются в течение первого года жизни, а также к 3–4, 6–7 и 10 годам.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>posterior associative cortex</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd><kwd>postnatal ontogenesis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>задняя ассоциативная кора</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd><kwd>постнатальный онтогенез</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>Программа стратегического академического лидерства РУДН «Приоритет-2030», тема № 030209-0-000</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brodmann K. 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