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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">623050</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.623050</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The effects of dark deprivation and chronic alcohol intoxication on the liver of rats</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние темновой депривации и хронической алкогольной интоксикации на печень крыс</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3006-6281</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4348-6781</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Areshidze</surname><given-names>David A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арешидзе</surname><given-names>Давид Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>labcelpat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7896-2080</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8472-0440</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaktursky</surname><given-names>Lev V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кактурский</surname><given-names>Лев Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>levkaktur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2052-914X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2086-7513</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaleva</surname><given-names>Lyudmila M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалева</surname><given-names>Людмила Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>mikhalevam@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-2560</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5647-1372</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlova</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлова</surname><given-names>Мария Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>ma.kozlova2021@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына Российского научного центра хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-12-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>161</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-07"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-18"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-04-15"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/623050">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/623050</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><italic>:</italic> Nighttime exposure to artificial lighting promotes epiphyseal melatonin deficiency and disrupts the circadian cycle of most body functions in mammals. Several studies have associated these factors with the development of many liver pathologies. A considerable lack of melatonin, along with a mismatch in the daily cycle of vital processes, increases the sensitivity of the liver to alcohol-induced damage and the severity of alcoholic illness.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><italic>: </italic>This study aimed to identify the combined effect of constant lighting and chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI) on the liver structure of both sexes of rats.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold><italic>: </italic>TThe study was conducted on 120 male and 80 female outbred Wistar rats aged 6 months. The trial lasted for 3 weeks. Four groups of rats of each sex were formed (control group, CAI group, dark deprivation group, and group exposed to both factors). Preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin were evaluated. Sudan III staining was used to assess the severity of fatty degeneration, and the expression of <italic>Ki-67</italic> and <italic>p53</italic> as markers of proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, was measured immunohistochemically.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><italic>:</italic> Chronic alcohol intoxication and dark deprivation cause similar morphological changes in the livers of male and female rats, resulting in fatty degeneration, necrosis, and increased hepatocyte apoptotic activity. The combined effect of these factors causes more dramatic changes in the structure of the liver of males, resulting in the development of cirrhotic changes in 13.3% of them and toxic hepatitis in 20%, whereas only 5% of females show signs of alcoholic hepatitis. Increased <italic>Ki-67 </italic>expression in male hepatocytes is found only when CAI and dark deprivation are combined. However, in females, an increase in <italic>Ki-67</italic> expression is observed both alone and when these factors are combined.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><italic>: </italic>The findings allow us to conclude that female rats adapt more successfully to the independent and combined effects of CAI and dark deprivation than male rats.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Воздействие искусственного освещения в ночные часы вызывает дефицит эпифизарного мелатонина вследствие хорошо известного феномена прекращения его синтеза на свету и обусловливает нарушение циркадной ритмичности большинства функций организма млекопитающих. Согласно ряду исследований, недостаток мелатонина и нарушение структуры циркадных ритмов приводят к возникновению ряда патологий печени. Существенный недостаток мелатонина на фоне рассогласования суточной ритмики процессов жизнедеятельности является причиной повышения сенситивности печени к алкоголь-индуцированным повреждениям и ведёт к усилению тяжести алкогольной болезни.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — изучение раздельного и сочетанного действия постоянного освещения и хронической алкогольной интоксикации на структуру печени крыс.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Исследование проведено на 240 самцах и 160 самках крыс аутбредного стока Вистар в возрасте 6 мес. Длительность эксперимента составляла 3 нед. Были сформированы по 4 группы животных каждого пола (контрольная; группа, подвергавшаяся хронической алкогольной интоксикации; группа, подвергавшаяся темновой депривации; группа, находившаяся под воздействием обоих факторов.) Осуществляли исследование окрашенных гематоксилином и эозином препаратов, для оценки выраженности жировой дистрофии использовали окраску суданом III, иммуногистохимически определяли экспрессию <italic>Ki-67 </italic>и <italic>p53</italic> как маркёров пролиферации и апоптоза соответственно.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Как хроническая алкогольная интоксикация, так и темновая депривация вызывают сходные морфологические изменения в печени крыс обоего пола, проявляющиеся в развитии жировой дистрофии, некроза и усиления апоптотической активности гепатоцитов. Совместное действие этих факторов обусловливает более выраженные изменения в строении печени самцов, проявляющиеся в развитии у 13,3% из них цирротических изменений и у 20,0% — токсического гепатита, в то время как у самок признаки алкогольного гепатита отмечаются лишь у 5,0% животных. Усиление экспрессии <italic>Ki-67</italic> в гепатоцитах самцов обнаруживается только при совместном действии хронической алкогольной интоксикации и темновой депривации, в то время как у самок рост экспрессии отмечается как при отдельном, так и при совместном действии этих факторов.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Полученные данные позволяют сделать вывод о более успешной адаптации печени к раздельному и совместному действию хронической алкогольной интоксикации и темновой депривации у самок крыс, нежели у самцов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>alcohol</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>liver</kwd><kwd>proliferation</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>печень</kwd><kwd>алкоголь</kwd><kwd>пролиферация</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. 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