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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">625835</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.625835</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Morphofunctional characteristics of the vessels of the small circle of blood circulation in those who died from severe and extremely severe forms of new coronavirus infection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфофункциональная характеристика сосудов малого круга кровообращения у умерших от тяжёлых и крайне тяжёлых форм новой коронавирусной инфекции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4109-0105</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5605-1140</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelin</surname><given-names>Aleksey M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емелин</surname><given-names>Алексей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>eamar40rn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6909-8937</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4072-3845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorochanu</surname><given-names>Irina P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорочану</surname><given-names>Ирина Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>opeairina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7062-065X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7382-2036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Asaulenko</surname><given-names>Zakhar P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асауленко</surname><given-names>Захар Павлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zakhariy@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9192-7592</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5734-1322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogovoy</surname><given-names>Vasilii А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Роговой</surname><given-names>Василий Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rogovoy-vasiliy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1778-0165</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5220-9174</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>Oleg S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Олег Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ospopov@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-4324</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9543-8506</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mosenko</surname><given-names>Sergei V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мосенко</surname><given-names>Сергей Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>neurologist@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3853-4185</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7053-2507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Apalko</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апалько</surname><given-names>Светлана Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>svetlana.apalko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3580-1492</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2416-2075</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Buchaka</surname><given-names>Anton S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бучака</surname><given-names>Антон Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abpao62@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5984-4220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gladchenko</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гладченко</surname><given-names>Сергей Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>servic_gla@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5642-621X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4476-5192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisenkova</surname><given-names>Anna Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисенкова</surname><given-names>Анна Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>anna_anisenkova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-1259</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1537-9822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbak</surname><given-names>Sergey G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербак</surname><given-names>Сергей Григорьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р. мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>s.g.sherbak@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8389-3841</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2957-1687</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Deev</surname><given-names>Roman V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деев</surname><given-names>Роман Вадимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>romdey@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Hospital N 40 of Kurortny District</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская больница № 40 Курортного района</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына Российского научного центра хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-03-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>161</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-01-20"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-19"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-07-15"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/625835">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/625835</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> An important feature of COVID-19 is the development of pronounced hypercoagulation with an increased risk of thrombotic damage to the pulmonary vascular bed, mainly the pulmonary arteries. Thrombosis of the pulmonary blood vessels causes a local violation of hemodynamics with the development of hyperemia, edema, which leads to a decrease in ventilation of the lung tissue area and serves as one of the causes of respiratory failure.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study aimed to conduct a morphological and morphometric analysis of the vascular bed of lung tissues in deceased with severe and extremely severe forms of new coronavirus infection who were on inpatient treatment in the period 2020–2022.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> A pathomorphologic study of 129 autopsy cases with a confirmed diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 was performed. Morphometric analysis and statistical data processing of the pulmonary vascular system in histologic preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain, orcein stain and Martius Scarlet Blue (MSB) stain was performed. The control group consisted of 14 patients who died of cardiovascular disease with bilateral focal confluent pneumonia.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> It was found that the proportion of thrombosed vessels in the lung tissues of the deceased was 27.6%. In 87.2% of cases, thrombosis develops in small arteries (lumen diameter 30-500 microns) and small veins (lumen diameter 40–500 microns). The vascular-functional indices of Kernogan and Vogenworth were statistically significantly increased in small arteries and small veins of the 4<sup>th</sup> order (p=0.001), small arteries (p=0.001) and small veins of the 5<sup>th</sup> order (p=0.014) compared with the control group.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS:</bold> Diffuse involvement of small caliber blood vessels in the pathological process reflects the severity of specific hemocoagulopathic disorders in the lung tissue. Such disorders lead to the development of ventilation-perfusion disorders and entail an increase in right ventricular failure.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Важной особенностью COVID-19 является развитие выраженной гиперкоагуляции с повышенным риском тромботического поражения сосудистого русла лёгких. Тромбозы лёгочных кровеносных сосудов обусловливают локальное нарушение гемодинамики с развитием полнокровия и отёка, что приводит к снижению вентиляции участка ткани лёгкого и служит одной из причин развития дыхательной недостаточности.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — выполнить морфологический и морфометрический анализ сосудистого русла лёгких у умерших с тяжёлыми и крайне тяжёлыми формами новой коронавирусной инфекции, находившихся на стационарном лечении в 2020–2022 гг.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Выполнено патоморфологическое исследование 129 секционных случаев с подтверждённым (ПЦР) диагнозом «новая коронавирусная инфекция COVID-19». Гистологические препараты лёгких окрашивали гематоксилином и эозином, орсеином и Martius Scarlet Blue (MSB) по Лендруму с последующей гистоморфометрией и статистической обработкой данных. В качестве контроля использовали архивный аутопсийный материал 14 умерших до 2020 года от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний с двусторонней очаговой пневмонией.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Установлено, что у умерших в тканях лёгких доля тромбированных сосудов составила 27,6%. В 87,2% случаев тромбоз развивался в мелких артериях (диаметр просвета — 30–500 мкм) и мелких венах (диаметр просвета — 40–500 мкм). Сосудисто-функциональные индексы Керногана и Вогенворта статистически значимо увеличены в мелких артериях и мелких венах 4-го порядка (<italic>р</italic>=0,001), мелких артериях (<italic>р</italic>=0,001) и мелких венах 5-го порядка (<italic>р</italic>=0,014) по сравнению с контрольной группой.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Диффузное вовлечение в патологический процесс кровеносных сосудов малого круга отражает выраженность гемокоагулопатических нарушений в лёгочной ткани, приводящих к несоответствию вентиляционно-перфузионных отношений и влекущих за собой нарастание правожелудочковой недостаточности, что может быть значимо в декомпенсации сердечной недостаточности и развитии летального исхода.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>thrombosis</kwd><kwd>thromboembolism</kwd><kwd>pulmonary circulation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>тромбоз</kwd><kwd>тромбоэмболия</kwd><kwd>малый круг кровообращения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>ID 94029859</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bian XW, COVID-19 Pathology Team. 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