<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">627351</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.627351</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Morphological changes in the testicle in Sertoli cell-only syndrome in men with nonobstructive azoospermia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфологические изменения в яичке при синдроме только клеток Сертоли у мужчин с необструктивной азооспермией</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>非阻塞性无精子症男性纯Sertoli细胞综合征睾丸的形态学变化</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4468-3670</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1899-7871</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulchenko</surname><given-names>Nina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кульченко</surname><given-names>Нина Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kulchenko</surname><given-names>Nina G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>kle-kni@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-04-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>162</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-02-21"><day>21</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-21"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-09-04"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/627351">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/627351</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic> The relevance of the morphological examination of testicular biopsies in infertile men is explained by limited information and research in this area, which is associated with limited indications for obtaining a lifetime biopsy in this nosology. The degree of pathological changes both in the Sertoli cells and testicular interstitium in the syndrome of “only Sertoli cells” (SCOS) is least studied.</p> <p><italic>AIM:</italic> To evaluate morphological changes in SCOS.</p> <p><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</italic> Convoluted seminal tubules with SCOS were studied in nine men with nonobstructive azoospermia by staining sections with hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue, and light microscopy was used to study convoluted seminal tubules with SCOS in nine men with nonobstructive azoospermia. Moreover, the number of Sertoli cells, dystrophic changes in them, thickness of the convoluted seminal tubule, and number of mast cells in the testicular interstitium were counted. Correlation analysis of the relationships between variables was also performed.</p> <p><italic>RESULTS:</italic> Mature Sertoli cells were found in 48.2% of convoluted seminal tubules, dystrophic Sertoli cells in 33.6%, and apoptotic Sertoli cells in 18.2%. The average number of Sertoli cells in one seminal tubule was 15.4 (min, 8.1; max, 19.2). The diameter of the convoluted seminal tubules averaged 33.8 (min, 23.0; max, 42.1) microns. The thickness of their shell at SCOS was on average 0.63 (min, 0.58; max, 0.69) microns. The number of mast cells in the testicular interstitium averaged 8.5±0.3 in 1 mm<sup>2</sup>. A strong and inverse (<italic>r</italic>=−0.87) correlation was established between the thickness of the shell of the convoluted seminal tubule and the number of Sertoli cells, and a strong and direct (<italic>r</italic>=0.83) correlation was found between the thickness of the shell of the convoluted seminal tubule and the number of mast cells in the interstitium of the testes.</p> <p><italic>CONCLUSION:</italic> Among the studied cases, STCS is quite common in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia. The increased thickness of the shell of the convoluted seminal tubule contributes to the impaired architectonics of the hematotesticular barrier. This study revealed that mast cells exert direct effects on the wall thickness of the convoluted seminal tubule, which demonstrates the pathological effect of these cells on the permeability of the hematotesticular barrier and impaired spermatogenesis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обоснование. Актуальность морфологического исследования биоптатов яичка у бесплодных мужчин объясняется малым количеством информации и исследований в этой области, что связано ограниченными показаниями к получению прижизненной биопсии при данной нозологии. Наименее изученным остаётся вопрос степени патологических изменений как в самих клетках Сертоли, так и в интерстиции яичка при синдроме «только клеток Сертоли» (СТКС).</p> <p>Цель исследования — оценить морфологические изменения в яичке при СТКС.</p> <p>Материалы и методы. Изучены извитые семенные канальцы при СТКС у 9 мужчин с необструктивной азооспермией с помощью окрашивания срезов гематоксилином и эозином, толуидиновым синим, а также с помощью световой микроскопии. При этом подсчитывали число клеток Сертоли, дистрофические изменения в них, толщину извитого семенного канальца, число тучных клеток в интерстиции яичка. Выполняли также корреляционный анализ связей между переменными.</p> <p>Результаты. Зрелые клетки Сертоли обнаружены в 48,2% извитых семенных канальцев, клетки Сертоли с признаками дистрофии — в 33,6% семенных канальцев, с признаками апоптоза — в 18,2% семенных канальцев. Среднее число клеток Сертоли в одном семенном канальце — 15,4 (min — 8,1; max — 19,2). Диаметр извитых семенных канальцев в среднем составлял 33,8 (min — 23,0; max — 42,1) мкм. Толщина их оболочки при СТКС была в среднем 0,63 (min — 0,58; max — 0,69) мкм. Число тучных клеток в интерстиции яичка в среднем составляло 8,5±0,3 в 1 мм<sup>2</sup>. Установлена сильная и обратная (<italic>r</italic>=–0,87) корреляция между толщиной оболочки извитого семенного канальца и числом клеток Сертоли, а также сильная и прямая (<italic>r</italic>=0,83) корреляция между толщиной оболочки извитого семенного канальца и числом тучных клеток в интерстиции яичка.</p> <p>Заключение. Среди исследованных случаев СТКС встречается достаточно часто у пациентов с необструктивной азооспермией. Увеличение толщины оболочки извитого семенного канальца способствует нарушению архитектоники гематотестикулярного барьера. Данное исследование показало, что тучные клетки оказывают прямое влияние на толщину стенки извитого семенного канальца, что демонстрирует возможный патологический эффект этих клеток на проницаемость гематотестикулярного барьера и нарушение сперматогенеза.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。对不育男性睾丸活检标本进行形态学研究的意义在于该领域的信息和研究较少，这是因为它与在给定疾病学中获得终身活检的适应症有限。对纯 Sertoli 细胞综合征（Sertoli-cell-only syndrome, SCOS）中 Sertoli 细胞本身和睾丸间质的病理变化程度的研究仍然最少。</p> <p>本研究的目的是评估纯Sertoli细胞综合征期间睾丸的形态变化。</p> <p>材料和方法。通过对切片进行血红素和伊红染色、甲苯胺蓝染色以及光学显微镜检查，对 9 名非梗阻性无精子症纯Sertoli细胞综合征男性的曲细精管进行了研究。同时，统计了Sertoli细胞的数量、Sertoli细胞的萎缩性变化、曲细精管的厚度以及睾丸间质中肥大细胞的数量。此外，还对各变量之间的关系进行了相关分析。</p> <p>结果。在48.2%的曲细精管中发现了成熟的Sertoli细胞，在33.6%的曲细精管中发现了有萎缩迹象的Sertoli细胞，在18.2%的精管中发现了有凋亡迹象的Sertoli细胞。单个精小管中的 Sertoli 细胞平均数量为 15.4 个（最小值为 8.1 个，最大值为 19.2 个）。曲细精管的直径平均为 33.8 微米（最小值为 23.0 微米，最大值为 42.1 微米）。它们在 纯Sertoli细胞综合征时的鞘膜厚度平均为 0.63（最小值为0.58；最大值为 0.69）微米。 睾丸间质中肥大细胞的数量平均为 8.5±0.3 个/1 平方毫米。曲细精管鞘膜的厚度与 Sertoli 细胞的数量呈反相关（r=-0.87），曲细精管鞘膜的厚度与睾丸间质中肥大细胞的数量呈强正相关（r=0.83）。</p> <p>结论。在研究的病例中，纯Sertoli细胞综合征在非梗阻性无精子症患者中相当常见。曲细精管壁厚度的增加会破坏血睾屏障的结构。这项研究表明，肥大细胞对曲细精管管壁厚度有直接影响，这表明这些细胞可能对血脑屏障的通透性和精子发生障碍产生病理影响。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Sertoli cell-only syndrome</kwd><kwd>testicular biopsy</kwd><kwd>mast cells</kwd><kwd>toluidine blue</kwd><kwd>nonobstructive azoospermia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром только клеток Сертоли</kwd><kwd>биоптаты яичка</kwd><kwd>тучные клетки</kwd><kwd>толуидиновый синий</kwd><kwd>необструктивная азооспермия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>纯 Sertoli 细胞综合征</kwd><kwd>睾丸活检</kwd><kwd>肥大细胞</kwd><kwd>甲苯胺蓝</kwd><kwd>非梗阻性无精子症</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fakhro KA, Elbardisi H, Arafa M, et al. Point-of-care whole-exome sequencing of idiopathic male infertility. Genet Med. 2018;20(11):1365–1373. doi: 10.1038/gim.2018.10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fakhro K.A., Elbardisi H., Arafa M., et al. Point-of-care whole-exome sequencing of idiopathic male infertility // Genet Med. 2018. Vol. 20, N 11. P. 1365–1373. doi: 10.1038/gim.2018.10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Fakhro KA, Elbardisi H, Arafa M, et al. Point-of-care whole-exome sequencing of idiopathic male infertility. Genet Med. 2018;20(11):1365–1373. doi: 10.1038/gim.2018.10</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma A, Minhas S, Dhillo WS, Jayasena CN. Male infertility due to testicular disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(2): e442–e459. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa781</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma A., Minhas S., Dhillo W.S., Jayasena C.N. Male infertility due to testicular disorders // J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021. Vol. 106, N 2. P. e442–e459. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa781</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Sharma A, Minhas S, Dhillo WS, Jayasena CN. Male infertility due to testicular disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(2): e442–e459. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa781</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komarov AS, Naumov NP, Shcheplev PA, et al. Right-sided scrotal varicocele in a patient with situs inversus totalis: case report. Andrology and Genital Surgery. 2023;24(1):157–161. (In Russ.). EDN: GGNIES doi: 10.17650/2070-9781-2023-24-1-157-161</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комаров А.С., Наумов Н.П., Щеплев П.А., и др. Изолированное варикоцеле справа у пациента с situs inversus totalis: клинический случай // Андрология и генитальная хирургия. 2023. Т. 24, № 1. С. 157–161. EDN: GGNIES doi: 10.17650/2070-9781-2023-24-1-157-161</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Komarov AS, Naumov NP, Shcheplev PA, et al. Right-sided scrotal varicocele in a patient with situs inversus totalis: case report. Andrology and Genital Surgery. 2023;24(1):157–161. (In Russ.). EDN: GGNIES doi: 10.17650/2070-9781-2023-24-1-157-161</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dabaja AA, Schlegel PN. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction: an update. Asian J Androl. 2013;15(1):35–39. doi: 10.1038/aja.2012.141</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dabaja A.A., Schlegel P.N. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction: an update // Asian J Androl. 2013. Vol. 15, N 1. P. 35–39. doi: 10.1038/aja.2012.141</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Dabaja AA, Schlegel PN. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction: an update. Asian J Androl. 2013;15(1):35–39. doi: 10.1038/aja.2012.141</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minhas S, Bettocchi C, Boeri L, et al. European association of urology guidelines on male sexual and reproductive health: 2021 update on male infertility. Eur Urol. 2021;80(5):603–620. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.08.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minhas S., Bettocchi C., Boeri L., et al. European association of urology guidelines on male sexual and reproductive health: 2021 update on male infertility // Eur Urol. 2021. Vol. 80, N 5. P. 603–620. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.08.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Minhas S, Bettocchi C, Boeri L, et al. European association of urology guidelines on male sexual and reproductive health: 2021 update on male infertility. Eur Urol. 2021;80(5):603–620. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.08.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghanami Gashti N, Sadighi Gilani MA, Abbasi M. Sertoli cell-only syndrome: etiology and clinical management. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2021;38(3):559–572. doi: 10.1007/s10815-021-02063-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghanami Gashti N., Sadighi Gilani M.A., Abbasi M. Sertoli cell-only syndrome: etiology and clinical management // J Assist Reprod Genet. 2021. Vol. 38, N 3. P. 559–572. doi: 10.1007/s10815-021-02063-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Ghanami Gashti N, Sadighi Gilani MA, Abbasi M. Sertoli cell-only syndrome: etiology and clinical management. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2021;38(3):559–572. doi: 10.1007/s10815-021-02063-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abofoul-Azab M, Lunenfeld E, Levitas E, et al. Identification of premeiotic, meiotic, and postmeiotic cells in testicular biopsies without sperm from Sertoli cell-only syndrome patients. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(3):470. doi: 10.3390/ijms20030470</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abofoul-Azab M., Lunenfeld E., Levitas E., et al. Identification of premeiotic, meiotic, and postmeiotic cells in testicular biopsies without sperm from Sertoli cell-only syndrome patients // Int J Mol Sci. 2019. Vol. 20, N 3. P. 470. doi: 10.3390/ijms20030470</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Abofoul-Azab M, Lunenfeld E, Levitas E, et al. Identification of premeiotic, meiotic, and postmeiotic cells in testicular biopsies without sperm from Sertoli cell-only syndrome patients. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(3):470. doi: 10.3390/ijms20030470</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jain M, V V, Chaudhary I, Halder A. The Sertoli cell only syndrome and glaucoma in a sex — determining region Y (SRY) positive XX infertile male. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2013;7(7):1457–1459. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2013/5186.3169</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jain M., V V., Chaudhary I., Halder A. The Sertoli cell only syndrome and glaucoma in a sex — determining region Y (SRY) positive XX infertile male // J Clin Diagn Res. 2013. Vol. 7, N 7. P. 1457–1459. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2013/5186.3169</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Jain M, V V, Chaudhary I, Halder A. The Sertoli cell only syndrome and glaucoma in a sex — determining region Y (SRY) positive XX infertile male. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2013;7(7):1457–1459. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2013/5186.3169</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuen W, Golin AP, Flannigan R, Schlegel PN. Histology and sperm retrieval among men with Y chromosome microdeletions. Transl Androl Urol. 2021;10(3):1442–1456. doi: 10.21037/tau.2020.03.35</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuen W., Golin A.P., Flannigan R., Schlegel P.N. Histology and sperm retrieval among men with Y chromosome microdeletions // Transl Androl Urol. 2021. Vol. 10, N 3. P. 1442–1456. doi: 10.21037/tau.2020.03.35</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Yuen W, Golin AP, Flannigan R, Schlegel PN. Histology and sperm retrieval among men with Y chromosome microdeletions. Transl Androl Urol. 2021;10(3):1442–1456. doi: 10.21037/tau.2020.03.35</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niazi Tabar A, Sojoudi K, Henduei H, Azizi H. Review of Sertoli cell dysfunction caused by COVID-19 that could affect male fertility. Zygote. 2022;30(1):17–24. doi: 10.1017/S0967199421000320</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niazi Tabar A., Sojoudi K., Henduei H., Azizi H. Review of Sertoli cell dysfunction caused by COVID-19 that could affect male fertility // Zygote. 2022. Vol. 30, N 1. P. 17–24. doi: 10.1017/S0967199421000320</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Niazi Tabar A, Sojoudi K, Henduei H, Azizi H. Review of Sertoli cell dysfunction caused by COVID-19 that could affect male fertility. Zygote. 2022;30(1):17–24. doi: 10.1017/S0967199421000320</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Washburn RL, Hibler T, Thompson LA, et al. Therapeutic application of Sertoli cells for treatment of various diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2022;121:10–23. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Washburn R.L., Hibler T., Thompson L.A., et al. Therapeutic application of Sertoli cells for treatment of various diseases // Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2022. Vol. 121. P. 10–23. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Washburn RL, Hibler T, Thompson LA, et al. Therapeutic application of Sertoli cells for treatment of various diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2022;121:10–23. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Generalova LV, Burgasova OA, Kolobukhina LV, et al. COVID-19: clinical characteristics and outcomes depending on comorbid pathology. Medicinskij vestnik Bashkortostana. 2022;17(3):15–19. (In Russ.). EDN: EWCFFV</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Генералова Л.В., Бургасова О.А., Колобухина Л.В., и др. COVID-19: клиническая характеристика и исходы в зависимости от коморбидной патологии // Медицинский вестник Башкортостана. 2022. Т. 17, № 3. С. 15–19. EDN: EWCFFV</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Generalova LV, Burgasova OA, Kolobukhina LV, et al. COVID-19: clinical characteristics and outcomes depending on comorbid pathology. Medicinskij vestnik Bashkortostana. 2022;17(3):15–19. (In Russ.). EDN: EWCFFV</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu HY, Zhang HX, Xiao Z, et al. Regulation of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in males and the associations of serum AMH with the disorders of male fertility. Asian J Androl. 2019;21(2):109–114. doi: 10.4103/aja.aja_83_18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu H.Y., Zhang H.X., Xiao Z., et al. Regulation of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in males and the associations of serum AMH with the disorders of male fertility // Asian J Androl. 2019. Vol. 21, N 2. P. 109–114. doi: 10.4103/aja.aja_83_18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Xu HY, Zhang HX, Xiao Z, et al. Regulation of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in males and the associations of serum AMH with the disorders of male fertility. Asian J Androl. 2019;21(2):109–114. doi: 10.4103/aja.aja_83_18</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Generalov E, Yakovenko L. Receptor basis of biological activity of polysaccharides. Biophys Rev. 2023;15(5):1209–1222. doi: 10.1007/s12551-023-01102-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Generalov E., Yakovenko L. Receptor basis of biological activity of polysaccharides // Biophys Rev. 2023. Vol. 15, N 5. P. 1209–1222. doi: 10.1007/s12551-023-01102-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Generalov E, Yakovenko L. Receptor basis of biological activity of polysaccharides. Biophys Rev. 2023;15(5):1209–1222. doi: 10.1007/s12551-023-01102-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartmann A. Sertoli cells only syndrome — case report. JBRA Assist Reprod. 2021;25(2):331–323. doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200078</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bartmann A. Sertoli cells only syndrome — case report // JBRA Assist Reprod. 2021. Vol. 25, N 2. P. 331–323. doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200078</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Bartmann A. Sertoli cells only syndrome — case report. JBRA Assist Reprod. 2021;25(2):331–323. doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200078</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weller O, Yogev L, Yavetz H, et al. Differentiating between primary and secondary Sertoli-cell-only syndrome by histologic and hormonal parameters. Fertil Steril. 2005;83(6):1856–1858. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.11.074</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weller O., Yogev L., Yavetz H., et al. Differentiating between primary and secondary Sertoli-cell-only syndrome by histologic and hormonal parameters // Fertil Steril. 2005. Vol. 83, N 6. P. 1856–1858. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.11.074</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Weller O, Yogev L, Yavetz H, et al. Differentiating between primary and secondary Sertoli-cell-only syndrome by histologic and hormonal parameters. Fertil Steril. 2005;83(6):1856–1858. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.11.074</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atiakshin DA, Klochkova SV, Shishkina VV, et al. Biogenesis and secretory pathways of mast cell chymase: structural and functional aspects. Genes &amp; cells. 2021;16(3):33–43. (In Russ.). EDN: MJDYCU doi: 10.23868/202110004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Атякшин Д.А., Клочкова С.В., Шишкина В.В., и др. Биогенез и секреторные пути химазы тучных клеток: структурно-функциональные аспекты // Гены и клетки. 2021. Т. 16, № 3. С. 33–43. EDN: MJDYCU doi: 10.23868/202110004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Atiakshin DA, Klochkova SV, Shishkina VV, et al. Biogenesis and secretory pathways of mast cell chymase: structural and functional aspects. Genes &amp; cells. 2021;16(3):33–43. (In Russ.). EDN: MJDYCU doi: 10.23868/202110004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Himelreich-Perić M, Katušić-Bojanac A, Hohšteter M, et al. Mast cells in the mammalian testis and epididymis-animal models and detection methods. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(5):2547. (In Russ.). doi: 10.3390/ijms23052547</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Himelreich-Perić M., Katušić-Bojanac A., Hohšteter M., et al. Mast cells in the mammalian testis and epididymis-animal models and detection methods // Int J Mol Sci. 2022. Vol. 23, N 5. P. 2547. doi: 10.3390/ijms23052547</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Himelreich-Perić M, Katušić-Bojanac A, Hohšteter M, et al. Mast cells in the mammalian testis and epididymis-animal models and detection methods. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(5):2547. (In Russ.). doi: 10.3390/ijms23052547</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atyakshin DA, Morozov SL, Dlin VV, Baiko SV. Role of mast cells in formation of tubulointerstitial fibrosis resulting from chronic kidney injury: a case report. Pediatrics. Eastern Europe. 2023;11(2):153–174. (In Russ.). EDN: LIWGVT doi: 10.34883/PI.2023.11.2.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Атякшин Д.А., Морозов С.Л., Длин В.В., Байко С.В. Роль тучных клеток в формировании тубулоинтерстициального фиброза в результате хронического почечного повреждения: клинический случай // Педиатрия. Восточная Европа. 2023. Т. 11, № 2. С. 153–174. EDN: LIWGVT doi: 10.34883/PI.2023.11.2.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Atyakshin DA, Morozov SL, Dlin VV, Baiko SV. Role of mast cells in formation of tubulointerstitial fibrosis resulting from chronic kidney injury: a case report. Pediatrics. Eastern Europe. 2023;11(2):153–174. (In Russ.). EDN: LIWGVT doi: 10.34883/PI.2023.11.2.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roaiah MM, Khatab H, Mostafa T. Mast cells in testicular biopsies of azoospermic men. Andrologia. 2007;39(5):185–189. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2007.00793.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roaiah M.M., Khatab H., Mostafa T. Mast cells in testicular biopsies of azoospermic men // Andrologia. 2007. Vol. 39, N 5. P. 185–189. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2007.00793.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Roaiah MM, Khatab H, Mostafa T. Mast cells in testicular biopsies of azoospermic men. Andrologia. 2007;39(5):185–189. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2007.00793.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdel-Hamid AAM, Atef H, Zalata KR, Abdel-Latif A. Correlation between testicular mast cell count and spermatogenic epithelium in non-obstructive azoospermia. Int J Exp Pathol. 2018;99(1):22–28. doi: 10.1111/iep.12261</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdel-Hamid A.A.M., Atef H., Zalata K.R., Abdel-Latif A. Correlation between testicular mast cell count and spermatogenic epithelium in non-obstructive azoospermia // Int J Exp Pathol. 2018. Vol. 99, N 1. P. 22–28. doi: 10.1111/iep.12261</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="zh">Abdel-Hamid AAM, Atef H, Zalata KR, Abdel-Latif A. Correlation between testicular mast cell count and spermatogenic epithelium in non-obstructive azoospermia. Int J Exp Pathol. 2018;99(1):22–28. doi: 10.1111/iep.12261</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
