MorphologyMorphologyМорфология1026-35432949-2556Eco-Vector62887110.17816/morph.628871ReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticleTumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: opportunities to use their potential in clinical practice in breast cancerОпухоль-инфильтрирующие лимфоциты: возможность использования их потенциала в клинической практике при раке молочной железыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7147-79126975-6677MnikhovichMaxim V.МниховичМаксим Валерьевич
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor

канд. мед. наук, доцент

mnichmaxim@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-1432ErofeevaLyudmila M.ЕрофееваЛюдмила Михайловна
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor

д-р биол. наук, профессор

gystology@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-3625-692X6039-7943BorisovDenis A.БорисовДенис Алексеевичborisofdenis@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-2468-22007991-6697TimofeevRoman G.ТимофеевРоман Геннадьевич
Russian Federation
Timofrg@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-4877-95692726-5343AgafonovaYulia S.АгафоноваЮлия Сергеевна
Russian Federation
yuliaagaf2000@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-15943943-4400BezuglovaTatyana V.БезугловаТатьяна Васильевна
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

канд. биол. наук

bezuglovat@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-15233691-0148ShiripenkoIvan A.ШирипенкоИван Александрович
Russian Federation
hikkiwahikki@gmail.comAvtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Petrovsky National Research Centre of SurgeryНаучно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына Российского научного центра хирургии имени академика Б.В. ПетровскогоN.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова12042024150720231613971050703202402042024Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор2023Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/628871

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are currently considered as a prognostic biomarker of cancer patient survival and response to therapy, as well as a target for immunotherapy. However, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are only part of the tumor microenvironment, which consists of cellular and cytokine components. The cellular component also includes tumor-associated macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts and other cells. The cytokine component is represented by the products of the activity of all cells of the microenvironment, as well as tumor cells.

This review examines various subpopulations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, shows their interaction with tumor cells and other cell populations of the tumor microenvironment, and also describes the potential for clinical use of this cell population as a biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes and the possibility of their use to determine the most effective treatment for breast cancer.

Obtaining new data on the previously poorly studied components of the tumor microenvironment and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, as well as the formation of ideas about the mutual influence of tumor microenvironment cells and tumor cells open up the prospect of developing innovative models of therapy. One of the modern directions is the search for molecular mechanisms of maintaining the antitumor activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, as well as the polarization of cells in the tumor microenvironment. Advances in the field of molecular oncology will make it possible to reduce the mortality rate of cancer patients to minimal levels while maintaining or even improving their standard of living.

Опухоль-инфильтрирующие лимфоциты в настоящее время рассматривают как прогностический биомаркёр выживаемости онкологических больных и эффективности ответа на проводимую терапию, а также как мишень для иммунотерапии. Однако такие лимфоциты являются только частью опухолевого микроокружения, состоящего из клеточного и цитокинового компонентов. К клеточному компоненту относят также ассоциированные с опухолью макрофаги, нейтрофилы, фибробласты и другие клетки. Цитокиновое составляющее представлено продуктами деятельности всех клеток микроокружения, а также опухолевыx клеток.

В настоящем обзоре рассмотрены различные субпопуляции опухоль-инфильтрирующих лимфоцитов, показано их взаимодействие с опухолевыми клетками и другими клеточными популяциями опухолевого микроокружения, а также описаны возможности клинического применения этой клеточной популяции как биомаркёра прогноза клинических исходов и для определения наиболее эффективного метода лечения при раке молочной железы.

Получение новых данных о ранее мало исследованных составляющих опухолевого микроокружения и опухоль-инфильтрирующих лимфоцитах, а также формирование представлений о взаимном влиянии клеток опухолевого микроокружения и опухолевых клеток открывает перспективу разработки инновационных моделей терапии. Одним из современных направлений является поиск молекулярных механизмов поддержания противоопухолевой активности опухоль-инфильтрирующих лимфоцитов, а также поляризации клеток опухолевого микроокружения. Успехи в области молекулярной онкологии позволят снизить смертность онкобольных до минимальных значений с сохранением или даже улучшением их уровня жизни.

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