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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">629451</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.629451</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Variant anatomy of the internal iliac vein and its applications</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вариантная анатомия внутренней подвздошной вены и её прикладное значение</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7526-6282</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8166-9820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>Valery N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>Валерий Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>doctorelanmp@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7232-6419</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1898-3355</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaivoronsky</surname><given-names>Ivan V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайворонский</surname><given-names>Иван Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>i.v.gaivoronsky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4519-0018</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5346-1613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Surov</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суров</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>sda120675@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5569-7325</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3532-1203</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nichiporuk</surname><given-names>Gennady I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ничипорук</surname><given-names>Геннадий Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>nichiporuki120@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7826-8056</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9260-9850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balyura</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балюра</surname><given-names>Олег Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>olegbalura@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-05-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>161</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-26"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-15"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-10-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/629451">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/629451</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyzed data from relevant literature that focused on anatomical variations of the internal iliac vein (IIV), its structure, and morphometric characteristics.</p> <p>P.A. LePage et al. (1991), D. Venieratos et al. (2012), and P. Kanjanasilp et al. (2019) have previously evaluated anatomical variations of the IIV using postvital materials. M. Shin et al. (2015) extensively analyzed the architectonics of the main trunk of the IIV according to vestibular methods (<italic>n</italic>=2488) and identified eight variants. This approach formed the basis of a similar work (<italic>n</italic>=1071) by A. Hekimoglu and O. Ergun (2021). D. Sat-Muñoz et al. (2020) and M.G. Shkvarko et al. (2021) also conducted a morphometric study of IIVs. D. Sat-Muñoz et al. categorized variants of IIV formation into three types, according to the classification of R. Gregoire (2007), based on the relationship of the IIV with its artery. According to D. Kachlik et al. (2010), in approximately 50% of cases, the root of the IIV is the internal genital vein, which penetrates the pelvis through the subclavian orifice; in 30%, the anterior and posterior trunks can be identified in the architectonics of the IIV by analogy with the internal iliac artery, which are the roots; in 20%, the IIV trunk is formed by many small tributaries, and roots and trunks could not be identified.</p> <p>Our data revealed that the typical IIV variant is the one in which its roots and tributaries (except for the umbilical vein) correspond to the branches of the artery of the same name, and a typical variant of IIV architectonics should be considered the fusion of the anterior and posterior trunks, with the internal genital vein and superior gluteal vein as the roots, respectively. All visceral tributaries flow into the anterior trunk, and nearly all extramural tributaries accompanying branches of the internal iliac artery flow into the posterior trunk.</p> <p>The majority of authors studied the architectonics of the main trunk of the IIV without the systematization of its tributaries. Based on the review of available literature, no modern clinically oriented classification of the variability of IIV architectonics has been established, satisfying the needs of modern surgery during interventions on the pelvic organs. Knowledge of the IIV anatomical variants and its tributaries is necessary when performing surgical interventions in the small pelvis, particularly during evisceration, to prevent blood loss.</p> <p>This article outlined promising directions in the study of the IIV and its tributaries, namely, methods of three-dimensional modeling, including the use of augmented reality technology, at various stages of surgical treatment of locally advanced pelvic tumors.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Представлен анализ данных специальной литературы, посвящённой вариантной анатомии внутренней подвздошной вены (ВПВ), её строению и морфометрическим характеристикам.</p> <p>Оценкой вариантной анатомии на поствитальном материале занимались в разные годы группы исследователей под руководством P.A. LePage (1991), D. Venieratos (2012), P. Kanjanasilp (2019). Обширный анализ архитектоники основного ствола ВПВ по данным прижизненных методов (<italic>n</italic>=2488) провёл M. Shin с соавт. (2015), который выделил 8 вариантов. Данный подход лёг в основу похожей работы (<italic>n</italic>=1071) A. Hekimoglu и O. Ergun (2021). Морфометрическое исследование ВПВ также проводили D. Sat-Muñoz с соавт. (2020), М.Г. Шкварко с соавт. (2021). Учёные из группы под руководством D. Sat-Muñoz распределили варианты формирования ВПВ на 3 типа согласно классификации R. Gregoire (2007), основанной на взаимоотношениях ВПВ с одноимённой артерией. По данным D. Kachlik и соавт. (2010), в большинстве случаев (около 50%) корнем ВПВ является внутренняя половая вена, которая проникает в малый таз через подгрушевидное отверстие; в 30% в архитектонике ВПВ можно выделить передний и задний стволы по аналогии с внутренней подвздошной артерией, которые и являются корнями; в 20% наблюдений ствол ВПВ формируют множество мелких притоков, выделение корней и стволов не представляется возможным.</p> <p>По нашим данным, типичным является вариант формирования ВПВ, при котором её корни и притоки (за исключением пупочной вены) соответствуют разветвлениям одноимённой артерии. Кроме того, типичным вариантом архитектоники ВПВ следует считать слияние переднего и заднего стволов, корнями которых являются внутренняя половая вена и верхняя ягодичная вена соответственно. Причём в передний ствол впадают все висцеральные притоки, а в задний — почти все пристеночные, сопровождающие ветви внутренней подвздошной артерии.</p> <p>Установлено, что большинство авторов изучали архитектонику основного ствола ВПВ без систематизации впадения её притоков. В настоящее время не существует клинически ориентированной классификации вариативности архитектоники ВПВ, удовлетворяющей запросам современной хирургии при вмешательствах на органах малого таза. Знание вариантов формирования ВПВ и её притоков необходимо при выполнении оперативных вмешательств в малом тазу, в частности при эвисцерациях, для профилактики кровопотери.</p> <p>Обозначены перспективные направления в изучении ВПВ и её притоков, а именно методики трёхмерного моделирования, в том числе и с применением технологии дополненной реальности, на различных этапах хирургического лечения местно-распространённых опухолей органов малого таза.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>internal iliac vein</kwd><kwd>variant anatomy</kwd><kwd>atypical variants of the internal iliac vein</kwd><kwd>pelvic organ evisceration</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внутренняя подвздошная вена</kwd><kwd>вариантная анатомия</kwd><kwd>атипичные варианты внутренней подвздошной вены</kwd><kwd>эвисцерация органов малого таза</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gajvoronskij IV, Kotiv BN, Kovalenko NA, et al. 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