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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">633989</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.633989</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immune aging from the position of gynecological endocrinology: Starting point</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммунное старение с позиции гинекологической эндокринологии: точка отсчёта</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>从妇科内分泌学的角度看免疫老化：一个起点</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2995-5228</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Averyanova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аверьянова</surname><given-names>Марина Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Averyanova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>marisha199022@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-8240</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3406-3866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnyakova</surname><given-names>Polina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишнякова</surname><given-names>Полина Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vishnyakova</surname><given-names>Polina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>vpa2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3001-4820</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2698-1448</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>Victoria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселева</surname><given-names>Виктория Викторовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>Victoria V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>victoria.kurnosova.1991@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8406-3206</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4593-5961</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vtorushina</surname><given-names>Valentiva V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вторушина</surname><given-names>Валентина Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vtorushina</surname><given-names>Valentiva V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>v_vtorushina@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5023-3476</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1201-4297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krechetova</surname><given-names>Lyubov V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кречетова</surname><given-names>Любовь Валентиновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Krechetova</surname><given-names>Lyubov V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>l_krechetova@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2392-4439</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5160-9029</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elchaninov</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ельчанинов</surname><given-names>Андрей Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Elchaninov</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>elchandrey@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6498-5764</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7919-8430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fatkhudinov</surname><given-names>Timur Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фатхудинов</surname><given-names>Тимур Хайсамудинович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Fatkhudinov</surname><given-names>Timur Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>tfat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-066X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3623-9149</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yureneva</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юренева</surname><given-names>Светлана Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Yureneva</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>syureneva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-07-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>162</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-07-01"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-07-12"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-09-04"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/633989">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/633989</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>BACKGROUND: </italic>Postmenopause is accompanied by several body changes, including those in the immune system. Studying the molecular pathways linking the decrease in the level of sex steroids in the postmenopausal period with immune aging is important to completely understand the pathophysiology of immune aging, which will allow for accurate identification of potential therapy targets for autoimmune, oncological, cardiovascular diseases and prevention of infectious diseases in women during the postmenopausal period.</p> <p><italic>AIM: </italic>To compare cellular immunity and cytokine profile parameters in women during perimenopause and early postmenopause.</p> <p><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</italic> The single-center, cross-sectional study included 50 women aged 45–59 years of reproductive stage, perimenopause, and early postmenopause. The main subpopulations of blood cells, namely, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>), T helper cells (CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>), NK cells (CD56<sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>+</sup>), B lymphocytes (CD3<sup>–</sup>CD19<sup>+</sup>HLA<sup>–</sup>DR<sup>+</sup>), and classical (CD14<sup>++</sup>CD16<sup>–</sup>), nonclassical (CD14<sup>–</sup>CD16<sup>++</sup>), and intermediate (CD14<sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>++</sup>) monocytes and proinflammatory (CD86, CD80, CD40, and CX3CR1) and anti-inflammatory (CD163, CD206) markers on isolated monocyte populations were analyzed using flow cytometry (FACSCalibur; Becton Dickinson, USA). To detect blood plasma cytokines, a multiplex analysis method was used (Bio-Plex Human Cytokine Screening Panel; Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA).</p> <p><italic>RESULTS: </italic>In women, reproductive aging during the transition stage of reproductive aging from perimenopause to postmenopause is accompanied by increased monocyte-associated inflammatory reaction and humoral response, which is expressed in the redistribution of the monocyte population toward nonclassical monocytes (<italic>p</italic>=0.034) and increased level of B lymphocytes by 1.8 times (<italic>p</italic>=0.023) and significantly (<italic>p</italic>=0.022) increases levels of MCP-1, a marker associated with inflammation.</p> <p><italic>CONCLUSION: </italic>Immune system aging in both sexes is a natural process of ontogenesis, and in women, it correlates with the entry into the postmenopausal period. Hormonal background changes with the shutdown of ovarian function are naturally reflected in the composition of immune cells in the blood and the cytokine composition of its plasma.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обоснование. Вступление женщины в период постменопаузы сопровождается рядом изменений в организме, в том числе со стороны иммунной системы. Изучение молекулярных путей, связывающих снижение уровня половых стероидов в постменопаузальный период с иммунным старением, важно для более полного понимания патофизиологии иммунного старения, что позволит точно определить мишени для потенциально возможной терапии аутоиммунных, онкологических, сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, а также для профилактики инфекционных болезней у женщин в период постменопаузы.</p> <p>Цель исследования — сравнить параметры клеточного иммунитета и цитокиновый профиль у женщин в период пери- и ранней постменопаузы.</p> <p>Материалы и методы. В одноцентровое одномоментное исследование включено 50 женщин в возрасте от 45 до 59 лет в стадии пери- и ранней постменопаузы. Основные субпопуляции клеток крови, такие как цитотоксические Т-лимфоциты (CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>), Т-хелперы (CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>), NK-клетки (CD56<sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>+</sup>), В-лимфоциты (CD3<sup>–</sup>CD19<sup>+</sup>HLA<sup>–</sup>DR<sup>+</sup>), классические (CD14<sup>++</sup>CD16<sup>–</sup>), неклассические (CD14<sup>–</sup>CD16<sup>++</sup>) и промежуточные (CD14<sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>++</sup>) моноциты, а также провоспалительные (CD86, CD80, CD40, CX3CR1) и противовоспалительные (CD163, CD206) маркёры на выделенных моноцитарных популяциях анализировали с помощью проточной цитометрии (FACSCalibur; Becton Dickinson, США). Для обнаружения цитокинов плазмы крови использовали метод мультиплексного анализа (Bio-Plex Human Cytokine Screening Panel; Bio-Rad Laboratories, США).</p> <p>Результаты. Репродуктивное старение у женщин при переходе стадии репродуктивного старения от пери- к постменопаузе сопровождается усилением моноцитассоциированной воспалительной реакции и гуморального ответа, что выражается перераспределением доли моноцитарной популяции в сторону неклассических моноцитов (<italic>р</italic>=0,034) и повышением уровня В-лимфоцитов в 1,8 раза (<italic>р</italic>=0,023), а также значимым (<italic>р</italic>=0,022) повышением уровня MCP-1 ― маркёра, ассоциированного с воспалением.</p> <p>Заключение. Старение иммунной системы у лиц обоего пола ― закономерный процесс онтогенеза, и у женщин он соотносится с вступлением в период постменопаузы. Изменения в гормональном фоне с выключением функции яичников закономерно отражаются в композиции иммунных клеток крови и цитокиновом составе её плазмы.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。女性进入绝经期后，机体会发生许多变化，包括免疫系统的变化。研究绝经后性激素水平下降与免疫衰老之间的分子途径，对于更全面地理解免疫衰老的病理生理学具有重要意义。这将有助于精确确定绝经后女性的自身免疫、癌症、心血管疾病和预防传染病的潜在治疗目标。</p> <p>本研究旨在比较围绝经期女性和绝经后早期女性的细胞免疫参数和细胞因子谱。</p> <p>材料和方法。这项单中心、单阶段研究包括50名年龄在45至59岁之间的围绝经期和绝经后早期女性。主要血细胞亚群，包括细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CD3+CD8+）、T辅助细胞（CD3+CD4+）、 NK细胞（CD56<sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>+</sup>）、B淋巴细胞（CD3<sup>-</sup>CD19<sup>+</sup>HLA<sup>-</sup>DR<sup>+</sup>）、经典单核细胞（CD14<sup>++</sup>CD16<sup>-</sup>）、非经典单核细胞（CD14<sup>-</sup>CD16<sup>++</sup>）和中间单核细胞（CD14<sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>++</sup>）、通过流式细胞仪 （FACSCalibur; Becton Dickinson, USA）进行分析。使用多重分析方法（Bio-Plex Human Cytokine Screening Panel; Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA）检测血浆细胞因子。</p> <p>结果。处于围绝经期到绝经后生殖衰老阶段过渡期间的女性，其生殖衰老伴随着单核细胞相关炎症反应和体液反应的增加。这表现为单核细胞群向非典型单核细胞重新分布（p=0.034），B淋巴细胞水平增加1.8倍（p=0.023），以及与炎症相关的标志物MCP-1水平显著增加（p=0.022）。</p> <p>结论。男女两性免疫系统的衰老都是本体发育的自然过程，而女性的衰老则与绝经后的到来有关。随着卵巢功能的衰退，荷尔蒙背景的变化自然会反映在免疫细胞的组成和血浆中细胞因子的组成上。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immune system</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>estrogens</kwd><kwd>menopause</kwd><kwd>aging</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунная система</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>эстрогены</kwd><kwd>менопауза</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>免疫系统</kwd><kwd>免疫</kwd><kwd>雌激素</kwd><kwd>更年期</kwd><kwd>衰老</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>24-25-00203</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, et al. 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