<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">634185</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.634185</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CJEHQT</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Automated systems for creating tissue microarrays in oncomorphological studies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Применение автоматизированных систем для создания тканевых микроматриц в онкоморфологических исследованиях</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>自动化系统在肿瘤形态学研究中用于创建组织微阵列的应用</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0667-9352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Parfenova</surname><given-names>Inna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парфенова</surname><given-names>Инна Андреевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Parfenova</surname><given-names>Inna A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pathmorf@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8862-2619</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eryshova</surname><given-names>Sofia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерышова</surname><given-names>София Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Eryshova</surname><given-names>Sofia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sofya.eryshova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center for Children's Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Д. Рогачева</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center for Children's Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-05-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>163</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>265</fpage><lpage>272</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-07-10"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-10-11"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-10-23"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/634185">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/634185</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Tissue microarrays (TMAs) are a promising method for high-throughput analysis of archived tissue samples. Laboratories using conventional manual methods for creating TMAs face the challenge of increasing efficiency and standardization, which is particularly crucial for oncomorphological research and diagnostics. This can be achieved through the automation of the process.</p> <p>This review focuses on the capabilities and advantages of automated systems for TMA creation over manual methods, with an emphasis on their application in the analysis of Ewing sarcoma and other undifferentiated round cell sarcomas. In the analyzed works, automated systems were used to extract and position tissue cores into recipient paraffin blocks, followed by histological and immunohistochemical analyses on the obtained TMA sections. Furthermore, the quality of the tissue microarray sections was evaluated. In these works, automated systems demonstrated high precision in positioning tissue cores, significantly accelerating TMA creation and improving the quality of the resulting sections.</p> <p>Thus, automated systems for TMA creation offer significant advantages over manual methods, ensuring standardization and increasing the productivity of laboratory research. Automated systems allow for the efficient analysis of large sample sets, which is especially important for the validation of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The published works highlight the need for further development and wider implementation of automated systems in oncomorphological research to enhance their efficiency and reproducibility.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Тканевые микроматрицы — один из перспективных методов для высокопроизводительного анализа архивированных образцов тканей. Лаборатории, использующие традиционный ручной метод изготовления тканевых микроматриц (ТМА), сталкиваются с необходимостью повышения эффективности и стандартизации, что особенно важно для онкоморфологических исследований и диагностики. Достичь этого можно за счёт автоматизации процесса.</p> <p>Настоящий обзор посвящён рассмотрению возможностей и преимуществ автоматизированных систем для создания ТМА по сравнению с ручным методом, с акцентом на их применение в анализе саркомы Юинга и других недифференцированных круглоклеточных сарком. В проанализированных работах автоматизированные системы использовали для извлечения и позиционирования тканевых цилиндров в парафиновые блоки-реципиенты, а на полученных срезах ТМА проводили гистологические и иммуногистохимические исследования. Кроме того, оценивали качество срезов тканевых микроматриц. В упомянутых работах автоматизированные системы показали высокую точность позиционирования тканевых цилиндров, что значительно ускорило процесс создания ТМА и улучшило качество готовых срезов.</p> <p>Таким образом, внедрение автоматизированных систем для конструирования ТМА имеет значительные преимущества по сравнению с ручным методом, поскольку обеспечивает стандартизацию и повышает производительность лабораторных исследований. Автоматизированные системы позволяют эффективно анализировать большие серии образцов, что особенно важно для валидизации диагностических и прогностических биомаркеров. Опубликованные работы подчёркивают необходимость дальнейшего развития и более широкого внедрения автоматизированных систем в онкоморфологические исследования для повышения их эффективности и воспроизводимости.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>组织微阵列（tissue microarray, TMA）是高通量分析归档组织样本的前景方法。使用传统手工方法制作TMA的实验室面临提高效率和标准化的需求，这对于肿瘤形态学研究和诊断尤为重要。通过自动化过程可以实现这一目标。</p> <p>本综述讨论了自动化系统在创建TMA中的优势与传统手工方法的对比，重点介绍它们在分析尤文肉瘤和其他未分化圆细胞肉瘤中的应用。分析的研究中，自动化系统用于提取和定位组织柱至石蜡接收块，并在获得的TMA切片上进行组织学和免疫组化分析。此外，还评估了组织微阵列切片的质量。在这些研究中，自动化系统显示出高精度的组织柱定位，大大加快了TMA的制作过程，并提高了最终切片的质量。</p> <p>因此，自动化系统在构建TMA中的应用相比手工方法具有显著优势，因为它保证了标准化并提高了实验室研究的生产力。自动化系统能够有效分析大量样本，这对于验证诊断和预后生物标志物尤为重要。已发表的研究强调了进一步发展和更广泛应用自动化系统在肿瘤形态学研究中的必要性，以提高其效率和可重复性。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tissue microarrays</kwd><kwd>automation</kwd><kwd>oncomorphology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тканевые микроматрицы</kwd><kwd>автоматизация</kwd><kwd>онкоморфология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>组织微阵列</kwd><kwd>自动化</kwd><kwd>肿瘤形态学</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Battifora H. The multitumor (sausage) tissue block: novel method for immunohistochemistry antibody testing. Lab Invest. 1986;55(2):244–248.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Kononen J, Bubendorf L, Kallioniemi A, et al. Tissue microarrays for high-throughput molecular profiling of tumor specimens. Nat Med. 1998;4(7):844–847. doi: 10.1038/nm0798-844</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Schraml P, Kononen J, Bubendorf L, et al. Tissue microarrays for gene amplification surveys in many different tumor types. Clin Cancer Res. 1999;5(8):1966–1975.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Kononen J, Hostetter G, Sauter G, Kallioniemi OP. Construction of tissue microarrays. In: Bowtell D, Sambrook J, editors. DNA microarrays: a molecular cloning manual. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2002. P:603–645.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Rimm DL, Camp RL, Charette LA, et al. Tissue microarray: a new technology for amplification of tissue resources. Cancer J. 2001;7(1):24–31.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Hoos A, Cordon-Cardo C. Tissue microarray profiling of cancer specimens and cell lines: opportunities and limitations. Lab Invest. 2001;81(10):1331–1338. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.3780347</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Skacel M, Skilton B, Pettay JD, Tubbs RR. Tissue microarrays: a powerful tool for high-throughput analysis of clinical specimens: a review of the method with validation data. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2002;10(1):1–6. doi: 10.1097/00129039-200203000-00001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Jensen TA, Hammond ME. The tissue microarray — a technical guide for histologists. Journal of Histotechnology. 2001;24(4):283–287. doi: 10.1179/his.2001.24.4.283</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>De Marzo AM, Fedor HH, Gage WR, Rubin MA. Inadequate formalin fixation decreases reliability of p27 immunohistochemical staining: probing optimal fixation time using high-density tissue microarrays. Hum Pathol. 2002;33(7):756–760. doi: 10.1053/hupa.2002.126187</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Andersen CL, Hostetter G, Grigoryan A, et al. Improved procedure for fluorescence in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays. Cytometry. 2001;45(2):83–86. doi: 10.1002/1097-0320(20011001)45:2&lt;83::aid-cyto1149&gt;3.0.co;2-p</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Chin SF, Daigo Y, Huang HE, et al. A simple and reliable pretreatment protocol facilitates fluorescent in situ hybridisation on tissue microarrays of paraffin wax embedded tumour samples. Mol Pathol. 2003;56(5):275–279. doi: 10.1136/mp.56.5.275</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Sidorov IV, Fedorova AS, Sharlai AS, Konovalov DM. Clinical and morphological characteristics of Ewing’s sarcoma and the algorithm for diagnosing undifferentiated round cell sarcomas. Archive of Pathology. 2023;85(5):13–21. EDN: GPKBOX doi: 10.17116/patol20238505113</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Hoos A, Urist MJ, Stojadinovic A, et al. Validation of tissue microarrays for immunohistochemical profiling of cancer specimens using the example of human fibroblastic tumors. Am J Pathol. 2001;158(4):1245–1251. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64075-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Rubin MA, Dunn R, Strawderman M, Pienta KJ. Tissue microarray sampling strategy for prostate cancer biomarker analysis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26(3):312–319. doi: 10.1097/00000478-200203000-00004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Hsu FD, Nielsen TO, Alkushi A, et al. Tissue microarrays are an effective quality assurance tool for diagnostic immunohistochemistry. Mod Pathol. 2002;15(12):1374–1380. doi: 10.1097/01.MP.0000039571.02827.CE</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
