MorphologyMorphologyМорфология1026-35432949-2556Eco-Vector63422910.17816/morph.634229ReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticleMitochondrial remodeling under hypoxiaДинамика митохондрий в условиях гипоксии缺氧条件下的线粒体动态变化https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2413-02621350-7458SkvortsovaKristina A.СкворцоваКристина АндреевнаSkvortsovaKristina A.
Russian Federation
Skvortsova_ka@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8999-99869325-2229BaranichTatiana I.БараничТатьяна ИвановнаBaranichTatiana I.
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

канд. мед. наук

Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

baranich_tatyana@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-6719-4775OmarovaZainab M.ОмароваЗайнаб МурадовнаOmarovaZainab M.
Russian Federation
Zaika540000@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-5533-084X5624-3488KharlamovDmitry A.ХарламовДмитрий АлексеевичKharlamovDmitry A.
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

канд. мед. наук

Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

dmitoch@gmail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-1454-04614817-2690BicherovaIrina A.БичероваИрина АнатольевнаBicherovaIrina A.
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

канд. мед. наук

Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

raddp8@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8708-69404425-5052GlinkinaValeria V.ГлинкинаВалерия ВладимировнаGlinkinaValeria V.
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

vglinkina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-69391112-4406SukhorukovVladimir S.СухоруковВладимир СергеевичSukhorukovVladimir S.
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

vsukhorukov@gmail.comResearch Center of NeurologyНаучный центр неврологииResearch Center of NeurologyThe Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. PirogovРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. ПироговаThe Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. PirogovV.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Medical Care for ChildrenНаучно-практический центр специализированной медицинской помощи детям им. В.Ф. Войно-ЯсенецкогоV.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Medical Care for Children160220252812202416244544631107202423122024Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2024, Эко-ВекторCopyright ©; 2024,2024Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/634229

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles capable of undergoing fission and fusion in response to the cell’s metabolic demands. These processes, collectively referred to as mitochondrial remodeling, determine the number, shape, and size of mitochondria within the cell. In recent decades, there has been growing interest in elucidating the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial dynamics under both physiological and pathological conditions. Regulatory proteins responsible for the fission and fusion of mitochondrial membranes have been identified and are activated in response to the cell’s energy demands. An imbalance between these processes disrupts cellular metabolism, impairs numerous cellular functions and adaptive capacity. Increasing evidence suggests that hypoxia significantly influences mitochondrial remodeling, with most studies focusing on the relationship between acute hypoxia and the expression levels of key fission and fusion regulatory proteins.

The aim of this article is to review the current literature on the effects of hypoxia on mitochondrial changes in both embryonic and adult tissues and to discuss the prospects for further research on mitochondrial remodeling mechanisms under reduced oxygen conditions.

Митохондрии — динамичные органеллы, которые способны делиться либо сливаться в зависимости от метаболических потребностей клетки. Такие преобразования объединяются термином «митохондриальная динамика» и определяют количество, форму и размер митохондрий в клетке. В последние десятилетия возрос интерес к изучению механизмов, регулирующих динамику митохондрий в нормальных и патологических условиях. Стали известны белки-регуляторы деления и слияния митохондриальных мембран, которые активируются в зависимости от энергетических потребностей. Дисбаланс процессов деления и слияния митохондрий приводит к изменению метаболизма клетки, нарушению её многочисленных функций и адаптационных возможностей. Появляется всё больше работ о влиянии гипоксии на митохондриальную динамику. Как правило, в них рассматривается связь между острой гипоксией и уровнями белков-регуляторов деления и слияния митохондрий в клетке.

Цель настоящей статьи — обзор литературных данных о влиянии гипоксии на митохондриальную динамику в эмбриональных и зрелых тканях, а также анализ перспектив дальнейшего изучения механизмов этой динамики в условиях сниженной концентрации кислорода.

线粒体是一种高度动态的细胞器，能够根据细胞的代谢需求发生分裂或融合。这些变化统称为“线粒体动态”，决定了细胞中线粒体的数量、形态和大小。近年来，在正常及病理条件下调控线粒体动态的机制引起了广泛关注。研究发现，线粒体膜的分裂与融合由一系列特异性调控蛋白介导，这些蛋白根据细胞的能量需求被激活。线粒体分裂与融合过程的失衡会导致细胞代谢紊乱、功能障碍以及适应能力下降。关于缺氧对线粒体动态影响的研究不断增多，通常集中于急性缺氧状态下线粒体分裂与融合相关调控蛋白水平的变化。

本研究的目的是综述文献中关于缺氧状态下线粒体动态在胚胎组织与成熟组织中的变化，并分析在低氧环境下进一步探索其调控机制的研究前景。

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