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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">643276</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.643276</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FHXIJR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Trends in teaching human anatomy in Russian medical universities based on publications from 2015 to 2024</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тенденции преподавания анатомии человека в медицинских вузах России по данным публикаций за 2015–2024 годы</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>2015–2024年俄罗斯医科大学人体解剖学教学趋势：基于学术出版物的数据</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6836-5650</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1898-3355</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaivoronsky</surname><given-names>Ivan V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайворонский</surname><given-names>Иван Васильевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gaivoronsky</surname><given-names>Ivan V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>i.v.gaivoronsky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-5800</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3734-5479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryshtop</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Криштоп</surname><given-names>Владимир Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kryshtop</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>chrishtop@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5569-7325</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3532-1203</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nichiporuk</surname><given-names>Gennady I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ничипорук</surname><given-names>Геннадий Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Nichiporuk</surname><given-names>Gennady I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>nichiporuki120@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4992-9702</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2357-5440</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaivoronskaya</surname><given-names>Maria G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайворонская</surname><given-names>Мария Георгиевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gaivoronskaya</surname><given-names>Maria G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>solnushko12@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1977-7536</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1147-3072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>Алексей Анатольевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>semfeodosia82@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2711-7711</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1035-3261</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashchenko</surname><given-names>Pavel S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пащенко</surname><given-names>Павел Степанович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pashchenko</surname><given-names>Pavel S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>pashchenkops@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>163</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>234</fpage><lpage>242</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-21"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-13"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-08-06"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/643276">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/643276</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold><italic> </italic>Over the past decade, the teaching of human anatomy in Russian medical universities has undergone significant changes due to several factors. The collapse of the Soviet system for supply of anatomical materials for educational purposes is the most important in this series. It resulted in a significant reduction in the visual clarity of teaching and has relegated practical dissection skills to the background. The second remarkable factor was the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019–2021, which disrupted traditional teaching formats and accelerated the adoption of distance learning methods. The third factor is a widespread integration of modern diagnostic imaging techniques into the curriculum, including X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, multislice computed tomography, ultrasound, and positron emission tomography. The fourth trend is the implementation of advanced technologies for the preparation and preservation of anatomical specimens, such as polymer embalming, plastination, and corrosion casting. It is also important to consider the characteristics of today’s students, shaped by the specifics of their school education, the influence of the internet industry, and a generally high standard of living.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>The work aimed to analyze current features in teaching human anatomy in Russian medical universities based on Russian scientific publications from 2015 to 2024.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold><italic> </italic>Information on the teaching of human anatomy in Russian medical universities from 2015 to 2024 was obtained through an analysis of available published sources indexed in the Russian Science Citation Index. A total of 438 keywords and 96 publications were analyzed.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold><italic> </italic>A shift in focus has been observed: away from the discussion of traditional aspects such as the use of cadaveric anatomical specimens, dissection, Latin terminology, and the significance of the instructor’s personality, and toward innovative teaching methods, psychological aspects of learning, and the role and position of students in the educational process.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Based on the publication analysis, the authors propose that, alongside traditional approaches, the development of education using multimedia platforms (particularly interactive anatomy tables) as well as the expanded use of anatomical museum resources may represent a promising area of growth in the teaching of human anatomy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. За последнее десятилетие в преподавании учебной дисциплины «Анатомия (человека)» в медицинских вузах произошли существенные изменения, обусловленные целым рядом причин. На первое место следует поставить разрушение советской системы обеспечения учебного процесса анатомическим материалом, что привело к значительному снижению наглядности преподавания и смещению на второй план практических навыков препарирования. Второе место занимают последствия пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции в 2019–2021 годах, которая изменила традиционные направления преподавания и способствовала развитию дистанционных форм обучения. На третьем месте стоит широкое внедрение в учебный процесс по дисциплине современных методов исследования: рентгенографии, компьютерной томографии, магнитно-резонансной томографии, мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии, ультразвукового исследования, позитронно-эмиссионной томографии и др. На четвёртом месте находится внедрение новых технологий изготовления и хранения анатомических препаратов — полимерное бальзамирование, пластинация, коррозия и др. Не стоит исключать из рассмотрения и особенности нынешних студентов, которые обусловлены спецификой базовой подготовки в школе, влиянием интернет-индустрии и высоким уровнем жизнеобеспеченности.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — проанализировать особенности преподавания анатомии человека в медицинских вузах на основе отечественных научных публикаций за период с 2015 по 2024 год.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Сведения о преподавании анатомии человека в медицинских вузах в период с 2015 по 2024 год были собраны путём анализа доступных литературных источников, проиндексированных в базе данных Российского индекса научного цитирования. Анализировали ключевые слова, всего использовано 438 ключевых слов и 96 публикаций.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Выявлено смещение фокуса внимания от обсуждения вопросов преподавания с использованием натуральных анатомических препаратов, диссекции, латинской терминологии и важности личности преподавателя в сторону инновационных методов обучения, психологии, а также роли и места студентов в образовательном процессе.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Опираясь на результаты анализа публикаций, авторы предполагают, что одной из новых точек роста в области преподавания анатомии человека, наряду с традиционными формами, может стать развитие обучения с использованием мультимедийных платформ (в частности, интерактивного анатомического стола), а также более широкое привлечение ресурсов анатомических музеев.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。过去十年间，俄罗斯医科大学《人体解剖学》课程的教学体系发生了显著变化，主要由多方面因素所致。首先，苏联时期解剖教学中用于保障教学的标本供应体系被瓦解，导致教学直观性明显下降，解剖操作技能训练的地位也随之下降。其次，2019—2021年新冠疫情的影响改变了传统教学方式，推动了远程教学的发展。第三，在解剖学课程教学过程中广泛引入现代医学影像技术，如X线检查、计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像、多层螺旋计算机断层扫描、超声检查、正电子发射断层扫描等。第四，在教学过程中引入了新型的解剖标本制作与保存技术，如聚合物防腐、塑化、腐蚀法等。此外，不容忽视的还有当前医学生的特点，其形成受到基础教育特点、互联网产业影响以及生活水平提高等因素的影响。</p> <p>目的。基于2015—2024年间俄罗斯学术出版物，分析医科大学人体解剖学教学的特点。</p> <p>材料与方法。通过分析2015—2024年间被俄罗斯科学引文索引收录的公开文献，收集医科大学人体解剖学教学的相关信息。共纳入96篇文章，提取并分析438个关键词。</p> <p>结果。研究发现，当前解剖学教学的关注重点逐渐由传统的解剖标本教学、尸体解剖训练、拉丁术语应用及教师角色等，转向对教学创新方法、学习心理因素以及学生在教学过程中的参与度与主导地位的探讨。</p> <p>结论。根据文献分析结果，作者认为，在保留传统教学形式的同时，发展基于多媒体平台的教学（特别是交互式解剖台）以及更广泛地利用解剖学博物馆资源，可能成为人体解剖学教学的新增长点。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anatomical museum</kwd><kwd>human anatomy</kwd><kwd>interactive anatomy table</kwd><kwd>medical university</kwd><kwd>scientometrics</kwd><kwd>teaching of human anatomy</kwd><kwd>educational process</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анатомический музей</kwd><kwd>анатомия человека</kwd><kwd>интерактивный анатомический стол</kwd><kwd>медицинский вуз</kwd><kwd>наукометрия</kwd><kwd>преподавание анатомии человека</kwd><kwd>учебный процесс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>解剖学博物馆</kwd><kwd>人体解剖学</kwd><kwd>交互式解剖台</kwd><kwd>医科大学</kwd><kwd>科学计量</kwd><kwd>人体解剖学教学</kwd><kwd>教学过程</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Gayvoronskiyj I, Nichiporuk G, Goryacheva I. 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