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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">646399</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.646399</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FENJGS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Methodological aspects of using artificial intelligence for morphological diagnosis of fibrosis, degeneration, and inflammatory lesions of the liver</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Методологические аспекты применения искусственного интеллекта для морфологической диагностики фиброза, дистрофии и воспалительных поражений печени</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>人工智能在肝脏纤维化、变性和炎症损伤形态学诊断中的方法论应用</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1686-5629</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9993-9645</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>Tatiana O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Олеговна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>Tatiana O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tn.path1910@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6470-4891</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8683-6870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melikbekyan</surname><given-names>Ashot A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меликбекян</surname><given-names>Ашот Арсенович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Melikbekyan</surname><given-names>Ashot A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>melikbekyan.ashot@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-8375</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8948-9169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borbat</surname><given-names>Artyom M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борбат</surname><given-names>Артём Михайлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Borbat</surname><given-names>Artyom M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="DE">Germany</country></address><email>aborbat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">LLC Laboratoires de Genie</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Лаборатуар Де Жени»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">LLC Laboratoires de Genie</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">MIREA-Russian Technological University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">МИРЭА-Российский технологический университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">MIREA-Russian Technological University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff3"><institution>MVZ Pathologie Spandau</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>163</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>273</fpage><lpage>282</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-19"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-31"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-10-23"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/646399">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/646399</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Non-tumor liver diseases are widespread and remain difficult to diagnose. According to current data, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among adults in Russia is approximately 25%. Morphological confirmation of fibrosis, fatty and ballooning degeneration, inflammatory infiltration, and necrosis of liver tissue depends on the specialist’s subjective opinion, which complicates standardization. For these reasons, developing objective and automated methods for analyzing morphological changes in the liver can significantly improve diagnostic reproducibility. This review examines current approaches to using artificial intelligence in the morphological diagnosis of non-tumor liver diseases, as well as the key applications for neural network algorithms, including classification and segmentation of histological images. Furthermore, the review assesses the effectiveness of available models for detecting key morphological patterns: fibrosis, ballooning and fatty degeneration, and inflammatory infiltration.</p> <p>The review includes publications found in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. The search covered the period from 2020 to 2025, with 22 publications included in the final analysis.</p> <p>It was found that artificial intelligence models demonstrate high accuracy; however, this depends on sample size, inter-laboratory variability, morphological patterns, microscope magnification, and staining methods. More open data and standardized procedures are needed for future advancement in this field. Nevertheless, models are being developed even with small datasets, making the methodology available to the scientific community.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Неопухолевые заболевания печени широко распространены и остаются сложными для диагностики. По современным данным распространённость неалкогольной жировой болезни печени среди взрослых в России составляет около 25%. Морфологическая верификация фиброза, жировой и баллонной дистрофии, воспалительной инфильтрации и некроза ткани печени, зависит от субъективного мнения специалиста, что затрудняет стандартизацию. По этим причинам разработка объективных и автоматизированных методов анализа морфологических изменений в печени может значительно повысить воспроизводимость диагностики. В данном обзоре проведён анализ современных подходов к применению методов искусственного интеллекта в морфологической диагностике неопухолевых поражений печени, а также рассмотрены основные направления использования нейросетевых алгоритмов, включая классификацию и сегментацию гистологических изображений. Кроме того, проведена оценка эффективности разработанных моделей при выявлении основных морфологических паттернов: фиброза, баллонной и жировой дистрофии, воспалительной инфильтрации.</p> <p>Для обзора были использованы публикации, найденные в базах данных Google Академия и PubMed. Поиск охватывал период с 2020 по 2025 год, в окончательный анализ включены 22 публикации.</p> <p>Установлено, что модели искусственного интеллекта демонстрируют высокую точность, которая, однако, зависит от объёма выборки, учёта межлабораторной вариабельности, морфологического паттерна, выбора увеличения микроскопа и метода окрашивания микропрепаратов. Для дальнейшего развития данного направления требуется увеличение объёма открытых данных и стандартизация подходов. Тем не менее, модели разрабатываются даже на небольших объёмах данных, что делает методику доступной для широкой исследовательской аудитории.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>非肿瘤性肝脏疾病广泛存在，且仍然是诊断中的难题。根据现代数据，在俄罗斯，成人非酒精性脂肪肝的流行率约为25%。肝脏纤维化、脂肪和气球性变性、炎症浸润以及肝组织坏死的形态学验证依赖于专家的主观看法，这使得标准化变得困难。因此，开发客观且自动化的形态学变化分析方法可以显著提高诊断的可重复性。本综述分析了现代人工智能方法在非肿瘤性肝脏病变形态学诊断中的应用，重点讨论了神经网络算法的主要应用方向，包括组织学图像的分类和分割。此外，还评估了开发的模型在识别主要形态学特征，如纤维化、气球变性、脂肪变性和炎症浸润方面的有效性。</p> <p>本综述使用了来自Google学术和PubMed数据库的文献。搜索时间范围为2020至2025年，最终纳入了22篇文献。</p> <p>研究表明，人工智能模型在肝脏病变的诊断中表现出较高的准确性，但其效果仍依赖于样本量、实验室间差异、形态学模式、显微镜放大倍数以及切片染色方法。为进一步推动这一方向的研究，未来需要增加公开数据量并标准化方法。尽管如此，模型也能在较小的数据集上开发，这使得该技术对广泛的研究人员群体更具可访问性。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>computer vision</kwd><kwd>convolutional neural networks</kwd><kwd>non-tumor liver diseases</kwd><kwd>histology</kwd><kwd>fibrosis</kwd><kwd>fatty degeneration</kwd><kwd>ballooning degeneration</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>компьютерное зрение</kwd><kwd>свёрточные нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>неопухолевые поражения печени</kwd><kwd>гистология</kwd><kwd>фиброз</kwd><kwd>жировая дистрофия</kwd><kwd>балонная дистрофия</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>人工智能</kwd><kwd>计算机视觉</kwd><kwd>卷积神经网络</kwd><kwd>非肿瘤性肝脏病变</kwd><kwd>组织学</kwd><kwd>纤维化</kwd><kwd>脂肪变性</kwd><kwd>气球性变性</kwd><kwd>炎症</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Qu H, Minacapelli CD, Tait C, et al. 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