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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">656311</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.656311</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ICUQNX</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Histogenetic Features of Anorectal Lining Formation in Rats During Embryogenesis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гистогенетические особенности формирования аноректальной выстилки у крыс в эмбриогенезе</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>大鼠胚胎发育过程中肛直肠黏膜的组织发生特征</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2390-9927</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6585-6771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>Anastasia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комарова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>Anastasia S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tsirya7777777@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3910-2621</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2546-9393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Slutskaya</surname><given-names>Dina R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слуцкая</surname><given-names>Дина Радиковна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Slutskaya</surname><given-names>Dina R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>dina_hanieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-04-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>163</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-17"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-21"><day>21</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-06-23"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/656311">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/656311</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> During embryonic development, the formation and differentiation of the mucosal tissues of the anal canal occur through the interaction of epithelia of different germ layer origins—ectodermal and enterodermal. The epithelial lining of the anorectal region of the rectum requires further characterization. Data on the histological structure and formation of tissue components in the anorectal canal during embryogenesis are relevant both theoretically (from an evolutionary perspective) and practically, as this region is a site of embryonic anomalies and neoplasms.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To describe the histogenetic features of anorectal lining formation in rats during embryogenesis.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> An observational, single-center, retrospective, uncontrolled study was conducted. The material consisted of the caudal portion of the anorectal canal of laboratory white rat (<italic>Rattus norvegicus</italic>) embryos at embryonic days 9, 13, 15, and 18. Morphological research methods were used. Histological analysis was performed on hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> On embryonic day 9, a cloacal membrane forms in the distal part of the embryo body. By day 13, the anorectal canal is formed and lined by cutaneous and intestinal epithelia, with a bilayered urothelium-like epithelium serving as a transitional interface. By day 15, this bilayered epithelium is replaced by clusters of rounded cells with hyperchromatic nuclei. On day 18, a clearly defined boundary is observed at the anorectal junction between the two genetically and morphologically distinct epithelia.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The findings indicate that, during embryogenesis in rats, a transient urothelium-like epithelium of the transitional zone exists between the cutaneous and intestinal segments of the anorectal canal, exhibiting distinct morphofunctional organization. In the later stages of embryogenesis, this transitional epithelium disappears, suggesting its provisional nature.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> В период эмбрионального развития формирование и дифференцировка тканей слизистой оболочки анального канала протекает в условиях взаимодействия эпителиев разных тканевых типов — эктодермального и энтеродермального. Характеристика эпителиальной выстилки аноректальной области прямой кишки требует уточнения. Сведения об особенностях гистологического строения и формирования тканевых элементов выстилки аноректального канала в период эмбрионального развития актуальны как в теоретическом (эволюционном), так и в практическом плане, поскольку именно в этой области локализуются эмбриональные аномалии и новообразования.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — описать гистогенетические особенности формирования аноректальной выстилки у крыс в эмбриогенезе.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проведено обсервационное одноцентровое ретроспективное неконтролируемое исследование. Материалом исследования служил каудальный отдел аноректального канала эмбрионов лабораторных белых крыс (<italic>Rattus norvegicus</italic>) на 9, 13, 15 и 18 сутки развития. Использованы морфологические методы исследования. Морфологический анализ проводили на препаратах, окрашенных гематоксилином и эозином.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> У эмбрионов крыс на 9 сутки развития в дистальной части тела формируется клоакальная перепонка, а на 13 сутки — аноректальный канал, выстилка которого образована кожным и кишечным эпителиями, а связующим звеном между ними служит двуслойный уротелиеподобный эпителий. На 15 сутки двуслойный эпителий замещается скоплением округлых клеток с гиперхромными ядрами. У эмбрионов на 18 сутки развития в области анально-прямокишечного соединения прослеживается чётко выраженная линия разграничения между двумя генетически и морфологически различными эпителиями.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что в процессе эмбрионального развития крыс между кожной и кишечной частями аноректального канала некоторое время присутствует уротелиеподобный эпителий переходной зоны, отличающийся по морфофункциональному строению. На поздних стадиях эмбриогенеза эпителий переходной зоны исчезает, что свидетельствует о его провизорном характере.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证在胚胎发育过程中，肛管黏膜的形成和分化发生于来源不同的外胚层上皮与肠源性上皮之间的相互作用过程中。直肠肛门区域的上皮覆盖特征尚需进一步明确。关于肛直肠管上皮在胚胎发育期间组织结构及其形成特点的资料，在理论（进化）和实践层面均具有重要意义，因为该区域是胚胎发育异常和肿瘤形成的常见部位。</p> <p><bold>目的：</bold>描述大鼠胚胎发育过程中肛直肠黏膜的组织发生特征。</p> <p><bold>材料与方法。</bold>本研究为观察性、单中心、回顾性、非对照研究。研究对象为实验室白鼠（Rattus norvegicus）胚胎发育第9、13、15及18天时肛直肠管尾部区域。采用形态学研究方法。形态学分析在经苏木精-伊红染色的组织切片上进行。</p> <p><bold>结果。</bold>在胚胎发育第9天，尾部远端形成泄殖膜；第13天出现肛直肠管，其内衬由皮肤上皮和肠道上皮构成，两者之间由一层双层的类尿路上皮连接。至第15天，该双层上皮被一群具有高染色性核的圆形细胞所取代。在胚胎第18天，在肛直肠连接区域可观察到两个在遗传来源和形态结构上均不同的上皮之间存在清晰的分界线。</p> <p><bold>结论。</bold>研究结果表明，在大鼠胚胎发育过程中，肛直肠管的皮肤部分与肠道部分之间在一定时期存在一种类尿路上皮，其在形态和功能结构上具有特异性。在胚胎发育后期，该类尿路上皮逐渐消失，表明其具有暂时性特征。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>histogenesis</kwd><kwd>ectodermal epithelium</kwd><kwd>enterodermal epithelium</kwd><kwd>cloacal membrane</kwd><kwd>anorectal canal</kwd><kwd>urogenital sinus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гистогенез</kwd><kwd>эктодермальный эпителий</kwd><kwd>энтеродермальный эпителий</kwd><kwd>клоакальная мембрана</kwd><kwd>аноректальный канал</kwd><kwd>мочеполовой синус</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>组织发生</kwd><kwd>外胚层上皮</kwd><kwd>肠源性上皮</kwd><kwd>泄殖膜</kwd><kwd>肛直肠管</kwd><kwd>泌尿生殖窦</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Milto IV. 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