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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">678813</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.678813</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DJSPXC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Morphological evaluation of the colonic mucosa in chronic slow-transit constipation based on immunohistochemical study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфологическая оценка слизистой оболочки толстой кишки при хроническом медленно-транзитном запоре по данным иммуногистохимического исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>基于免疫组织化学研究的慢传输型慢性便秘患者结肠黏膜形态学评估</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4859-6766</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2569-9148</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chumasov</surname><given-names>Evgenii I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чумасов</surname><given-names>Евгений Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Chumasov</surname><given-names>Evgenii I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), professor</p></bio><email>ua1сt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4002-6913</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1969-3264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samedov</surname><given-names>Vadim B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самедов</surname><given-names>Вадим Бейбалаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Samedov</surname><given-names>Vadim B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>samedov07@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0972-8658</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3973-1421</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Елена Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>iemmorphol@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-6831</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1479-5992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolos</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колос</surname><given-names>Елена Андреевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kolos</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>koloselena1984@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2456-8165</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzhevskii</surname><given-names>Dmitry E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коржевский</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Эдуардович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Korzhevskii</surname><given-names>Dmitry E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor</p></bio><email>dek2@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медицины</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>164</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-22"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-11"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-12-25"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/678813">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/678813</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Major pathological processes, primarily inflammatory ones, are associated with disruption of the barrier function of the gastrointestinal mucosa. The structures of the nervous system that interact with cells of innate and adaptive immunity and modulate intestinal function remain insufficiently studied.</p> <p>This work aimed to examine the human colonic mucosa in chronic slow-transit constipation (CSTC) using five clinical cases and to characterize the relationships between the mucosa, neural, and glial structures.</p> <p>Immunohistochemical examination was performed on fragments of the descending colon mucosa obtained during surgical treatment of patients with severe CSTC. To identify inflammatory and immune cells, toluidine blue staining was used along with antibodies to CD68 and Iba-1 (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1) — macrophage markers; tryptase — a mast cell marker; PGP 9.5 (protein gene product 9.5), synaptophysin, and tyrosine hydroxylase — to detect neural structures; S100β protein — a glial marker; and serotonin and chromogranin A — markers of enterochromaffin cells.</p> <p>In all examined cases of CSTC, hypertrophy of the lamina propria and leukocytic infiltrates were detected in the colonic mucosa, consisting mainly of blast forms of lymphocytic and monocyte–macrophage lineages (Iba-1⁺ and CD68⁺ cells), as well as mast cells. It was established that the innervation of the mucosal tissues involves postganglionic cholinergic fibers originating from neurons of the submucosal plexus microganglia. They are forming <italic>en</italic><italic> </italic><italic>passant</italic> terminal synaptic networks composed of varicose axonal bundles and accompanying neurolemmocytes. Close intercellular interactions were observed between parasympathetic nerve endings and glial elements, as well as immune–inflammatory cells. There was no sympathetic innervation of the mucosal tissues.</p> <p>The presence of leukocytic infiltrates in the colonic mucosa of patients with CSTC, its intense innervation, and the accumulation of enterochromaffin cells in the epithelium indicate neurogenic inflammation. The inflammation affects the permeability of the enteral epithelium and modulates immune responses aimed at maintaining tissue homeostasis and restoring the barrier function of the intestinal wall mucosa in CSTC.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Появление основных патологических процессов, прежде всего воспалительных, связано с нарушением барьерной функции слизистой оболочки органов желудочно-кишечного тракта. Недостаточно изученными остаются структуры нервной системы, взаимодействующие с клетками врождённого и адаптивного иммунитета, а также модулирующие функции кишечника.</p> <p>Цель настоящей работы — на примере пяти клинических наблюдений изучить слизистую оболочку ободочной кишки человека при хроническом медленно-транзитном запоре, а также охарактеризовать особенности взаимоотношений слизистой оболочки с нервными и глиальными структурами.</p> <p>Проведено иммуногистохимическое исследование фрагментов слизистой оболочки нисходящей ободочной кишки, полученных в результате хирургического лечения пациентов с тяжёлой формой хронического медленно-транзитного запора (ХМТЗ). Для идентификации воспалительных и иммунных клеток использовали гистохимическое окрашивание толуидиновым синим, а также антитела: к CD68 и белку Iba-1 (Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1) — маркеры макрофагов; к триптазе — маркер тучных клеток; к белку PGP 9.5 (Protein Gene Product 9.5), синаптофизину и тирозингидроксилазе — для выявления нервных структур; к белку S100β — иммуногистохимический маркер глии; к серотонину и хромогранину А — маркеры энтерохромаффинных клеток.</p> <p>Во всех рассмотренных случаях в слизистой оболочке толстой кишки при ХМТЗ обнаружены гипертрофия собственной пластинки и лейкоцитарные инфильтраты, состоящие преимущественно из бластных форм лимфоцитарного и моноцитарно-макрофагального рядов (Iba-1+ и CD68+ клетки), а также из тучных клеток. Установлено, что в иннервации тканей слизистой оболочки участвуют постганглионарные холинергические волокна нейронов микроганглиев подслизистого сплетения. Они формируют терминальные синаптические сети (<italic>en</italic><italic> </italic><italic>passant</italic>), состоящие из тяжей варикозных аксонов и сопровождающих их нейролеммоцитов. Выявлены тесные межклеточные взаимодействия между парасимпатическими нервными окончаниями и глиальными элементами, с одной стороны, и иммунно-воспалительными клетками — с другой. Выяснено, что симпатическая иннервация тканей слизистой оболочки отсутствует.</p> <p>Наличие у пациентов с ХМТЗ лейкоцитарных инфильтратов в слизистой оболочке ободочной кишки, её интенсивная иннервация, а также скопление энтерохромаффинных клеток в эпителии свидетельствуют о развитии нейрогенного воспаления. Воспалительный процесс влияет на проницаемость энтерального эпителия, а также модулирует иммунные реакции, направленные на поддержание тканевого гомеостаза и восстановление барьерных функций слизистой оболочки стенки кишки при ХМТЗ.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>主要的病理过程，尤其是炎症反应的出现，与胃肠道黏膜屏障功能障碍密切相关。目前，对于与先天性和适应性免疫细胞相互作用并调节肠功能的神经系统结构尚缺乏充分研究。</p> <p>本研究以五例临床病例为基础，研究慢传输型慢性便秘（chronic slow-transit constipation, CSTC）患者结肠黏膜的形态学特征，并对黏膜与神经及胶质结构之间的相互关系进行特征性描述。</p> <p>对因重度CSTC接受外科治疗患者的降结肠黏膜组织进行免疫组织化学检测。为鉴定炎症及免疫细胞，采用甲苯胺蓝染色及以下抗体：CD68与Iba-1（Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1）——巨噬细胞标志物；胰蛋白酶——肥大细胞标志物；PGP 9.5（Protein Gene Product 9.5）、突触素及酪氨酸羟化酶——神经结构标志物；S100β蛋白——胶质细胞标志物；血清素及嗜铬粒蛋白A——肠嗜铬细胞标志物。</p> <p>结果显示，在所有CSTC病例中，结肠黏膜固有层出现明显肥厚，并伴有白细胞浸润。浸润细胞主要为淋巴细胞及单核–巨噬细胞系的未成熟型（Iba-1<sup>+</sup>与CD68<sup>+</sup>细胞），同时可见肥大细胞聚集。研究证实，黏膜组织的神经支配来源于黏膜下丛微神经节的节后胆碱能神经纤维。这些纤维形成途经型（en passant）终末突触网络，由串珠状变粗轴突束及伴行的神经膜细胞构成。观察到副交感神经末梢与胶质成分之间，以及它们与免疫–炎症细胞之间存在紧密的细胞间联系。确定黏膜组织缺乏交感神经支配。</p> <p>CSTC患者结肠黏膜中白细胞浸润的存在、显著的神经支配及上皮内嗜铬细胞聚集提示存在神经源性炎症。该炎症过程在CSTC中影响肠上皮通透性，并调节维持组织稳态及修复黏膜屏障功能的免疫反应。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human colon</kwd><kwd>mucosa</kwd><kwd>chronic slow-transit constipation</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>tyrosine hydroxylase</kwd><kwd>PGP 9.5</kwd><kwd>mast cell tryptase</kwd><kwd>Iba-1</kwd><kwd>serotonin</kwd><kwd>chromogranin A</kwd><kwd>CD68</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>толстая кишка человека</kwd><kwd>слизистая оболочка</kwd><kwd>хронический медленно-транзитный запор</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>тирозингидроксилаза</kwd><kwd>белок PGP 9.5</kwd><kwd>триптаза тучных клеток</kwd><kwd>белок Iba-1</kwd><kwd>серотонин</kwd><kwd>хромогранин А</kwd><kwd>CD68</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>人结肠</kwd><kwd>黏膜</kwd><kwd>慢传输型慢性便秘</kwd><kwd>免疫组织化学</kwd><kwd>酪氨酸羟化酶</kwd><kwd>PGP 9.5蛋白</kwd><kwd>肥大细胞胰蛋白酶</kwd><kwd>Iba-1蛋白</kwd><kwd>血清素</kwd><kwd>嗜铬粒蛋白A</kwd><kwd>CD68</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="zh">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>GFWG-2025-0003</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ivashkin VT, Shelygin YuA, Maev IV, et al. 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