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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">679924</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.679924</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VHCMGC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Detection of tumor-associated tryptase-positive mast cells in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возможность выявления триптаза-позитивных тучных клеток, ассоциированных с опухолью при спорадической медуллярной карциноме щитовидной железы</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>检测与散发性甲状腺髓样癌相关的胰蛋白酶阳性肥大细胞的可能性</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2122-2297</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3564-7654</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondarenko</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондаренко</surname><given-names>Екатерина Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Bondarenko</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD<bold>, </bold>Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD<bold>, </bold>Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>ekaterinabondarenko@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3097-344X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9738-4520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balyasin</surname><given-names>Maxim V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балясин</surname><given-names>Максим Витальевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Balyasin</surname><given-names>Maxim V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>b.maxim4432@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1330-1756</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8073-0899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostin</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костин</surname><given-names>Андрей Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kostin</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>andocrey@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5592-4794</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2459-0540</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chevais</surname><given-names>Anastassia</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевэ</surname><given-names>Анастасия</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Chevais</surname><given-names>Anastassia</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Anastassia93@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-2984</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5903-1260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekhnovich</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алехнович</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Alekhnovich</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alekhnovich_av@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8580-2421</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2462-1115</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdulkhabirova</surname><given-names>Fatima M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдулхабирова</surname><given-names>Фатима Магомедовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Abdulkhabirova</surname><given-names>Fatima M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abdulkhabirova@endocrincentr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8347-4556</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3830-8152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Atiakshin</surname><given-names>Dmitrii A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атякшин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Андреевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Atiakshin</surname><given-names>Dmitrii A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>atyakshin_da@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Endocrinology Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии имени акад. И.И. Дедова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Endocrinology Research Center</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов им. П. Лумумбы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>164</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-04"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-07"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-12-25"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/679924">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/679924</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><bold>: </bold>There are currently no published studies on the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma. However, their involvement in the progression of a variety of epithelial malignant neoplasms has been demonstrated. Furthermore, mast cell count may be an independent predictor of long-term progression-free survival in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><bold>: </bold>The work aimed to evaluate the potential of immunohistochemical detection of mast cells in the tumor microenvironment in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma.</p> <p><bold>METHODS</bold><bold>: </bold>Histological specimens of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma were assessed using immunohistochemical detection of tryptase in mast cells. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was then trained to segment positively stained cells, followed by quantitative analysis of the results.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><bold>: </bold>Several potentially clinically significant parameters were identified, including correlations between mast cell count in the thyroid stroma and age; correlations between intratumoral mast cell count and T stage according to the TNM (8th edition) classification; and patterns of mast cell colocalization with other cells of the tumor microenvironment.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><bold>: </bold>The study confirmed the presence of mast cells in the stroma of medullary thyroid carcinoma and revealed quantitative differences depending on tumor size. The observed active interactions of mast cells with atypical cells of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma and other components of the tumor microenvironment are a significant criterion for interpreting the biological effects of mast cells in this tumor type. These findings warrant further analysis to develop diagnostic algorithms and improve prognostic accuracy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>На сегодняшний день в литературе не описаны исследования, направленные на изучение значения тучных клеток в развитии спорадической медуллярной карциномы щитовидной железы. В то же время доказано их участие в прогрессировании эпителиальных злокачественных новообразований различных локализаций. Кроме того, установлено, что количество тучных клеток может служить независимым предиктором длительного выживания без прогрессирования у пациентов с нейроэндокринными опухолями поджелудочной железы.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>— оценить возможности иммуногистохимической детекции тучных клеток в опухолевом микроокружении спорадической медуллярной карциномы щитовидной железы.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Исследование проведено на гистологических срезах образцов спорадической медуллярной карциномы щитовидной железы с применением иммуногистохимической детекции триптазы в тучных клетках. Далее проведено обучение модели свёрточной нейронной сети (CNN, convolutional neural network) для сегментации положительно окрашенных клеток с последующим расчётом результатов.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Выявлен ряд потенциально клинически значимых показателей, таких как: взаимосвязь количества тучных клеток в строме щитовидной железы с возрастом пациентов; корреляция количества тучных клеток в опухоли со стадией Т согласно классификации TNM (8-е издание); особенности солокализации тучных клеток с иными клетками опухолевого микроокружения.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Проведённое исследование подтвердило наличие тучных клеток в строме медуллярной карциномы щитовидной железы и выявило их количественные различия в зависимости от размера узла. Обнаруженное активное воздействие тучных клеток на атипичные клетки спорадической медуллярной карциномы щитовидной железы и другие компоненты опухолевого микроокружения является важными критерием для интерпретации биологических эффектов тучных клеток в отношении данного типа опухоли и заслуживает дополнительного анализа с целью разработки диагностических алгоритмов и повышения объективности прогноза.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。目前尚无文献报道针对肥大细胞在散发性甲状腺髓样癌发生与发展中的作用的研究。然而，大量证据表明，肥大细胞参与多种上皮性恶性肿瘤的进展过程。此外，已有研究显示，肥大细胞数量可作为胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤患者无进展生存期的独立预测指标。</p> <p>目的：采用免疫组化方法展示在散发性甲状腺髓样癌肿瘤微环境中检测肥大细胞的可行性。</p> <p>方法。在散发性甲状腺髓样癌的组织石蜡切片上，采用免疫组化方法检测肥大细胞中胰蛋白酶（tryptase）的表达。随后基于获得的染色图像训练卷积神经网络（CNN, convolutional neural network）模型，对阳性染色细胞进行分割与定量分析。</p> <p>结果。研究发现若干具有潜在临床意义的指标，包括：甲状腺间质中肥大细胞数量与患者年龄的相关性；肿瘤组织内肥大细胞数量与TNM分期（第8版）中T分期的关系；以及肥大细胞与肿瘤微环境中其他细胞的共定位特征。</p> <p>结论。本研究证实肥大细胞存在于甲状腺髓样癌的间质中，并显示其数量随肿瘤结节大小而变化。肥大细胞对散发性甲状腺髓样癌异型细胞及肿瘤微环境中其他成分的活跃作用，是解释该肿瘤类型中肥大细胞生物学效应的重要判定标准，值得进一步深入研究，以建立更客观的诊断与预后评估算法。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medullary carcinoma</kwd><kwd>mast cells</kwd><kwd>immune microenvironment</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemical detection</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медуллярная карцинома</kwd><kwd>тучные клетки</kwd><kwd>иммунное окружение</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимическая детекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>髓样癌</kwd><kwd>肥大细胞</kwd><kwd>免疫微环境</kwd><kwd>免疫组化检测</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>056-00045-23-00</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. 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