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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">684876</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.684876</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CXUPFN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Morphogenetic activity of human brain neuroepithelium during early neurulation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфогенетическая активность нейроэпителия головного мозга человека в период ранней нейруляции</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>人类脑神经上皮在早期神经胚形成期的形态发 生活性</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7997-8161</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3755-9666</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulimova</surname><given-names>Victoria I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гулимова</surname><given-names>Виктория Игоревна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gulimova</surname><given-names>Victoria I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><email>gulimova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1447-7198</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2079-6351</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saveliev</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савельев</surname><given-names>Сергей  Вячеславович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Saveliev</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), professor</p></bio><email>embrains@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0515-8275</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8899-5104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Proshchina</surname><given-names>Alexandra E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прощина</surname><given-names>Александра Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Proshchina</surname><given-names>Alexandra E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), assistant professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), assistant professor</p></bio><email>proshchina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6719-3383</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7593-4951</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Otlyga</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Отлыга</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Otlyga</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>otlyga@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6844-700X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5722-7347</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sonin</surname><given-names>Gleb A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сонин</surname><given-names>Глеб Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Sonin</surname><given-names>Gleb A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>glebs0nin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б.В. Петровского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>164</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-17"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-03"><day>03</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-12-25"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/684876">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/684876</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><bold>: </bold>During the embryonic period, from the development of the first neural folds to the formation of the primary closure zone of their edges, the neural plate undergoes active transformations. According to general concepts, the first structural signs of nervous system formation appear during neurulation at Carnegie stage 8. At stage 10, the neural plate begins to transform into a tube. During neurulation, the developing elements of the nervous system are most sensitive to damaging influences; however, this period of embryonic neurogenesis remains the least studied.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><bold>: </bold>The work aimed to clarify the morphogenetic processes during the early stages of neurulation and to compare the sequence of provisional morphogenetic processes of the neuroepithelium in the region of the human brain.</p> <p><bold>METHODS</bold><bold>: </bold>Eighteen human embryos obtained during autopsies of women who had died as a result of accidents were examined. After extraction of cytotrophoblasts from the uterine wall, macroscopic analysis, microdissection, and histological examination of the embryos were performed on serial sections.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><bold>: </bold>The study of neurulation in the cranial region of human embryos revealed previously undescribed morphogenetic transformations of the neuroepithelium, including duplication of neural plate folds, formation of temporary neuroectodermal ridges, and other transient embryonic structures. These human-specific provisional morphogenetic events of the developing brain had remained unidentified, and their nature had not been explored.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><bold>: </bold>Early embryonic morphogenesis of the human brain is a complex sequence of characteristic cenogenetic movements of the neuroepithelium. In the cranial portion of the neural plate, temporary (provisional) structures arise, sequentially altering the shape of the brain primordium. The emergence and disappearance of these structures likely reflect hidden mechanisms of positional information encoding that determine the subsequent differentiation of the main divisions of the human brain.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> В эмбриональный период, от появления первых нервных валиков до формирования первичной зоны смыкания их краёв, происходят активные перестройки нервной пластинки. Согласно общим представлениям, первые структурные признаки формирования нервной системы появляются при нейруляции на 8-й стадии по Карнеги. На 10-й стадии по Карнеги нервная пластинка начинает трансформироваться в трубку. Установлено, что во время нейруляции формирующиеся элементы нервной системы наиболее чувствительны к повреждающим воздействиям, однако этот период эмбрионального нейрогенеза наименее изучен.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — уточнить морфогенетические процессы, происходящие в ранний период нейруляции, и сопоставить последовательность провизорных морфогенезов нейроэпителия в зоне головного мозга человека.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Исследовано 18 эмбрионов человека, полученных при аутопсии женщин, погибших в результате несчастных случаев. После извлечения цитотрофобластов из стенки матки проводили макроскопический анализ их содержимого, микроанатомирование и гистологическое исследование эмбрионов на серийных срезах.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> При исследовании процесса нейруляции в краниальном участке эмбрионов человека выявлены ранее неизвестные морфогенетические преобразования нейроэпителия: дублирование валиков нервной пластинки, формирование временных складок нейроэктодермы и других временных эмбриональных структур. До настоящего времени эти специфичные для человека, провизорные морфогенезы мозга оставались неизвестными, а их природа не была исследована.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Раннее эмбриональное формообразование головного мозга человека представляет собой сложную последовательность характерных ценогенетических движений нейроэпителия. В головной части нервной пластинки возникают временные (провизорные) структуры, последовательно меняющие форму закладки головного мозга. По-видимому, появление и исчезновение таких структур является отражением скрытых механизмов кодирования позиционной информации, которая детерминирует дальнейшую дифференцировку основных отделов головного мозга человека.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。在胚胎发育期，从神经嵴初现到其边缘形成初级闭合区的阶段，神经板经历了一系列活跃的结构重塑。一般认为，神经系统的首个结构性标志出现在卡内基第8阶段的神经胚形成过程中。至卡内基第10阶段，神经板开始转变为神经管。已有研究表明，在神经胚形成期间，新生的神经系统结构对损伤因素极为敏感，然而这一阶段的人类胚胎神经发生仍缺乏深入研究。</p> <p>目的：阐明早期神经胚形成阶段神经上皮的形态发生活动，并比较人类脑区神经上皮的临时性形态发生顺序。</p> <p>方法。研究对象为18例因意外事故死亡女性的胚胎。在自子宫壁分离出细胞滋养层后，先对其内容物进行宏观分析，随后对胚胎进行显微解剖和系列切片的组织学研究。</p> <p>结果。在人类胚胎颅部神经胚形成的研究过程中，发现神经上皮存在此前未被报道的形态学变化，包括神经板嵴的双重化、神经外胚层的暂时性褶皱以及其他短暂存在的胚胎结构。这些人类特有的临时性脑形态发生事件此前尚未被认识，其本质机制亦未得到阐明。</p> <p>结论。人类脑的早期胚胎形态建成是一系列复杂的、具有特征性新生发生性的神经上皮运动的结果。在神经板的头端区域形成了若干暂时性（过渡性）结构，这些结构依次改变脑原基的形态。推测此类结构的出现与消失反映了隐藏的位置信息编码机制，该机制决定了人类脑主要区域的进一步分化方向。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human</kwd><kwd>neurulation</kwd><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>provisional structures</kwd><kwd>differentiation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>человек</kwd><kwd>нейруляция</kwd><kwd>головной мозг</kwd><kwd>провизорные структуры</kwd><kwd>дифференцировка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>人类</kwd><kwd>神经胚形成</kwd><kwd>脑</kwd><kwd>暂时性结构</kwd><kwd>分化</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ, госзадание FURG-2025-0031</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation, state assignment FURG-2025-0031</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Müller F, O’Rahilly R. 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