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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">685426</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.685426</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">OWHIMT</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Anatomical features of connective tissue fixations of nerves: a dissection study of the ulnar and median nerves based on a single case report</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анатомические особенности соединительнотканных фиксаций нервов на примере единичного случая: исследование методом препарирования локтевого и срединного нервов</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>以一例病例为例探讨神经结缔组织固定的解剖学特征：尺神经和正中神经解剖研究</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9532-9957</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8257-9084</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolenko</surname><given-names>Vladimir N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николенко</surname><given-names>Владимир Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Nikolenko</surname><given-names>Vladimir N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>vn.nikolenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6067-8962</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9623-4500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Edilgireeva</surname><given-names>Leila A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эдильгиреева</surname><given-names>Лейла Арбиевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Edilgireeva</surname><given-names>Leila A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>edilgireeva.leila@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4651-8659</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2697-6101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dianova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дианова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Андреевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Dianova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ekaterina_dianova_a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1238-905X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Barinova</surname><given-names>Vasilisa A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баринова</surname><given-names>Василиса Алексеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Barinova</surname><given-names>Vasilisa A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>barinova_vasilisa@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5688-252X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltsev</surname><given-names>Nikita A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцев</surname><given-names>Никита Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Maltsev</surname><given-names>Nikita A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nikita.maltsev.0600@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6562-3909</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеева</surname><given-names>Анна Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergeeva_a_a7@student.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7345-1253</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stroilova</surname><given-names>Valeriya M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Строилова</surname><given-names>Валерия Михайловна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Stroilova</surname><given-names>Valeriya M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>valeriafart11111@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4941-8876</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1733-8005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gridin</surname><given-names>Leonid A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гридин</surname><given-names>Леонид Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gridin</surname><given-names>Leonid A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>leonidgridin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Center for Health Problems</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский центр проблем здоровья</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Moscow Center for Health Problems</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-03-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>164</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>380</fpage><lpage>388</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-20"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-09"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-08-07"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/685426">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/685426</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Peripheral nerves have a distinctive fixation system to surrounding tissues, including connective tissue bridges, fascial sheaths, and bone-fibrous canals. These structures simultaneously ensure mobility of the nerve structures within a certain range and stability of their position, preventing excessive displacement during limb movements. Differences in nerve fixation methods may explain their varying susceptibility to compressive and damaging effects.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To identify the morphological features of peripheral nerve fixation, including connective tissue structures and their topographic relationships.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>An anatomical study of peripheral nerve fixation in the free upper limb was conducted. The objects of the study were the ulnar and median nerves. The work was performed on fixed cadaveric material from November 2024 to May 2025. All dissection stages were documented using macrophotographs followed by processing in the graphic editor Figma Design (Figma Inc., USA); anatomical structures were labeled according to the second edition of the International Anatomical Terminology, "Terminologia Anatomica" (TA2).</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>In the median nerve, fibrous tissue derivatives in the form of bridges were identified near the elbow joint, attaching to the superficial fascia of the arm and forearm. The ulnar nerve in the examined area passed through a longer, dense fibrous canal formed by a thickening of its own fascia. These data expand current understanding of peripheral nerve fixation.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The differences in morphogeometric characteristics of the connective tissue formations in the identified attachment variations, albeit observed in a single specimen, indicate that their structure provides biomechanical stabilization of nerve trunks. Macro- and microscopic studies of peripheral nerve fixations in mobile regions of the limbs will allow detailed characterization of changes in the lumen of the canals, their configuration and geometry, and will determine the range of individual variability in the displacement of connective tissue structures (e.g., bridges) during upper limb movement. The results of such studies may provide a morphological basis for a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis and development of effective treatments for nerve compression syndromes in neurology and neurosurgery. The present study is an initial stage of a comprehensive study of the morphobiomechanical principles of the nerve fixation apparatus in mobile regions of the limbs. It continues a line of research established at the Department of Histology of the First Moscow Medical Institute by its head, M.A. Baron, and outlined in his work "Biomechanics at the Microscopic Scale" in 1939.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Периферические нервы обладают своеобразной системой фиксации к окружающим тканям, включающей соединительнотканные перегородки, фасциальные футляры и костно-фиброзные каналы. Данные образования одновременно обеспечивают мобильность нервных структур в определённом диапазоне и стабильность их положения, предотвращая избыточное смещение при движениях конечности. Различия в способах фиксации нервов могут объяснять их неодинаковую подверженность компрессионным и повреждающим воздействиям.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — выявить морфологические особенности фиксации периферических нервов, включая соединительнотканные структуры и их топографические взаимоотношения.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проведено анатомическое исследование фиксации периферических нервов свободной верхней конечности. Объекты исследования — локтевой и срединный нервы. Работа выполнена на фиксированном кадаверном материале в период с ноября 2024 г. по май 2025 г. Все этапы препарирования документировали посредством макрофотографий с последующей обработкой в графическом редакторе Figma Design (Figma Inc., США); анатомические структуры обозначены в соответствии со вторым изданием Международной анатомической терминологии «Terminologia Anatomica» (TA2).</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>У срединного нерва выявлены производные фиброзной ткани, имеющие вид перемычек, расположенных вблизи локтевого сустава и прикрепляющихся к поверхностной фасции плеча и предплечья. Локтевой нерв на исследуемом участке проходил в более длинном плотном фиброзном канале, образованном утолщением собственной фасции. Полученные данные расширяют существующие представления о фиксации периферических нервов.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Различия морфогеометрических характеристик соединительнотканных образований в обнаруженных вариациях креплений, хотя и установленные на единичном исследуемом биоматериале, свидетельствуют о том, что их конструкция обеспечивает биомеханическую стабилизацию нервных стволов. Макро-микроскопические исследования фиксации периферических нервов в подвижных зонах конечностей позволят детально охарактеризовать особенности изменений просвета каналов, их конфигурации и геометрии, а также определить диапазон индивидуальной изменчивости смещаемости соединительнотканных структур (перемычек) во время движений верхней конечности. Результаты подобных исследований могут стать морфологической основой для углублённого понимания патогенеза и разработки эффективных методов лечения туннельных синдромов в нейрологии и нейрохирургии. Представленное исследование является начальным этапом комплексного изучения морфобиомеханческих закономерностей фиксирующего аппарата нервов в подвижных зонах конечностей. Оно продолжает направление, созданное на кафедре гистологии Первого Московского медицинского института заведующим кафедрой М.А. Бароном и изложенное им в работе «Биомеханика в пределах микроскопических величин» ещё в 1939 году<sup><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="#_ftn1">[1]</ext-link></sup>.</p> <p><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="#_ftnref1">[1]</ext-link> Барон М.А. Биомеханика в пределах микроскопических величин // Успехи современной биологии. 1939. Т. X, вып. 3, С. 377–410.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证。</bold>周围神经具有独特的固定于周围组织的系统，包括结缔组织隔膜、筋膜鞘和骨纤维管。这些结构既保证了神经结构在一定范围内的活动性，又保证了其位置的稳定性，防止肢体运动过程中发生过度位移。神经固定方法的差异或许可以解释它们对压迫和损伤的易感性差异。</p> <p><bold>目的。</bold>本研究的目的是确定周围神经固定的形态特征，包括结缔组织结构及其空间关系。</p> <p><bold>方法。</bold>本研究对上肢游离部周围神经的固定方式进行了解剖学研究。研究对象为尺神经和正中神经。研究于2024年11月至2025年5月期间，使用固定尸体标本进行。所有解剖步骤均采用宏观摄影记录，并使用 Figma Design 图形编辑器（Figma 公司，美国）进行图像处理；解剖结构的标注依据国际解剖学术语集第二版 (TA2)。</p> <p><bold>结果。</bold>研究发现，正中神经在肘关节附近存在纤维组织桥，并与上臂和前臂的浅筋膜相连。尺神经在研究区域内穿过由固有筋膜增厚形成的较长致密纤维管。所得数据拓展了现有关于周围神经固定方式的认识。</p> <p><bold>结论。</bold>尽管所研究的神经固定方式的差异基于单一的生物材料，但不同固定方式下结缔组织结构的形态几何特征存在差异，这表明这些结构的设计能够为神经干提供生物力学稳定性。对四肢活动区周围神经固定的宏观和微观研究，将有助于详细表征神经管腔的变化特征、结构和几何形状，并确定上肢运动过程中结缔组织结构（结缔组织桥）位移的个体差异范围。此类研究结果可为深入理解神经内科和神经外科中神经卡压综合征的发病机制以及开发有效的治疗方法提供形态学基础。本研究是全面研究四肢活动区神经固定装置形态生物力学模式的初始阶段。本文延续了莫斯科第一医学院组织学系主任 M.A. Baron 于 1939 年在其著作《微观生物力学》中提出的研究方向。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ulnar nerve</kwd><kwd>median nerve</kwd><kwd>dissection</kwd><kwd>nerve compression syndromes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>локтевой нерв</kwd><kwd>срединный нерв</kwd><kwd>препарирование</kwd><kwd>нервный компрессионный синдром</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>尺神经</kwd><kwd>正中神经</kwd><kwd>解剖</kwd><kwd>神经卡压综合征</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Standring S, editor. 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