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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Morphology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Morphology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3543</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-2556</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">701311</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/morph.701311</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Patterns of variation in the shape of the carpal tunnel in men and women</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Закономерности изменчивости формы запястного канала у мужчин и женщин</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2796-7508</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">36886214400</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">G-2028-2014</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7903-7765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khayrullin</surname><given-names>Radik М.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайруллин</surname><given-names>Радик Магзинурович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Morphology and Pathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой морфологии и патологии</p></bio><email>r.m.hayrullin@reaviz.online</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2163-7911</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7005359899</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAG-8614-2021</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7182-6029</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolenko</surname><given-names>Aleksandr S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермоленко</surname><given-names>Александр Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Traumatology and Orthopaedic Department No. 3, Associate Professor of the Department of Morphology and Pathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, заведующий травматолого-ортопедическим отделением №3, доцен кафедры морфологии и патологии</p></bio><email>osteon@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7005-7980</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8539-3743</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Spasskov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спассков</surname><given-names>Александр Алексеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Surgeon of the Orthopedic Surgery, Departmentof Traumatology №3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач травматолог-ортопед, травматолого-ортопедическое отделение №3</p></bio><email>coverzniy@gmail.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5733-6162</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6931-4674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Sofia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Софья Андреевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant, Department of Hospital Surgery named after V.I. Midlenko</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент, кафедра госпитальной хирургии им. В.И. Мидленко</p></bio><email>sonyaaa14199@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Private University REAVIZ</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">«Университет «Реавиз»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Honored Doctor of Russia E.M. Chuchkalov Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ульяновский областной клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи имени заслуженного врача России Е.М. Чучкалова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ulyanovsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ульяновский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-05-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>164</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-19"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-12"><day>12</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; ,</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-05-17"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/701311">https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/701311</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>ACKGROUND:</bold> The proportional ratios of the width and depth of the carpal tunnel are characterized by sexual dimorphism – in men, the cross-sectional area of this canal is larger than in women. However, median nerve compression neuropathy (carpal tunnel syndrome) is more common in women, which may be related to the shape of the carpal tunnel. One of the methods that allows an objective assessment of the shape of the object under study, unlike traditional linear measurements, is geometric morphometry.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To study the variability of the shape of the carpal tunnel in humans depending on gender according to magnetic resonance imaging using geometric morphometric methods.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> A simultaneous study of the shape of the carpal tunnel cross-section was performed according to magnetic resonance imaging of the right hands of 50 men and 50 women. Geometric morphometry included an analysis of the shape configurations of the carpal canals of the hands, described by 16 landmarks located on digital images (axial projection) of the carpal canals.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>The centroid size of the carpal tunnel is larger in men than in women, while its effect on the shape of the latter is insignificant (on average, about 5% of the allometry). The predominance of the general variability of the carpal tunnel shape was associated with its combined multidirectional transformation in space.: in men, compression relative to the transverse axis and stretching relative to the sagittal axis, in women, on the contrary, stretching relative to the transverse axis and compression relative to the sagittal axis. Local changes in the shape of the carpal tunnel are represented by two configurations: kidney-shaped, which is more common in men, and oval, characteristic of women.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The study demonstrates that geometric morphometry is an effective tool for assessing the variability and studying the sexual characteristics of the shape of the carpal tunnel in humans. The results obtained confirm the relationship of carpal tunnel syndrome with its morphological features and, in particular, with its shape.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Пропорциональные соотношения ширины и глубины запястного канала характеризуются половым диморфизмом – у мужчин площадь поперечного сечения данного канала больше, чем у женщин. Однако компрессионная нейропатия срединного нерва (синдром запястного канала) чаще встречается у женщин, что, возможно, связано с формой запястного канала. Одним из методов, позволяющих объективно оценить форму изучаемого объекта в отличие от традиционных линейных измерений, является геометрическая морфометрия.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – изучить изменчивость формы запястного канала у человека в зависимости от пола по данным магнитно-резонансной томографии с помощью геометрических морфометрических методов.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проведено одномоментное исследование формы поперечного сечения запястного канала по данным магнитно-резонансной томографии правых кистей 50 мужчин и 50 женщин. Геометрическая морфометрия включала анализ конфигураций форм запястных каналов кистей, описываемых 16 ориентирами, расположенными на цифровых изображениях (аксиальная проекция) запястных каналов.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Центроидный размер запястного канала у мужчин больше, чем у женщин, при этом его влияние на форму последнего незначительное (в среднем около 5% аллометрии). Преобладание общей изменчивости формы запястного канала было связано с ее комбинированной разнонаправленной трансформацией в пространстве: у мужчин сжатие относительно поперечной оси и растяжение относительно сагиттальной оси, у женщин наоборот, растяжение относительно поперечной оси и сжатие относительно сагиттальной оси. Локальные изменения формы запястного канала представлены двумя конфигурациями: почкообразная, которая чаще встречается у мужчин, и овальная, характерная для женщин.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Проведенное исследование демонстрирует, что геометрическая морфометрия является эффективным инструментом для оценки изменчивости и изучения половых особенностей формы запястного канала у человека. Полученные результаты подтверждают взаимосвязь синдрома запястного канала с его морфологическими особенностями и, в частности, с его формой.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>carpal tunnel</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>shape</kwd><kwd>geometric morphometry</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>запястный канал</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>форма</kwd><kwd>геометрическая морфометрия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kivell TL, Lemelin P, Richmond BG, Schmitt D. The Evolution of the Primate Hand: Anatomical, Developmental, Functional, and Paleontological Evidence. New York: Springer; 2016. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3646-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Orr CM. 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