MorphologyMorphologyМорфология1026-35432949-2556Eco-Vector70203110.17816/morph.702031ReviewsНаучные обзорыENDOTHELIUM: MOLECULAR-GENETIC ORGANIZATION OF HISTOGENESIS AND SYSTEMATIC POSITIONЭНДОТЕЛИЙ: МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ГИСТОГЕНЕЗА И СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЕhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8389-3841588988451002957-1687DeevRomanДеевРоман Вадимович
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate ProfessorFirst Deputy Director of the A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology

Кандидат медицинских наук, доцентПервый заместитель директора НИИ Морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына

romdey@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-56761852-6469GladyshevNikitaГладышевНикита Сергеевич
Russian Federation

Научный сотрудник

krinege@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-2251-08969815-0045ZolkinAlexeyЗолкинАлексей Геннадьевич
Russian Federation

Научный сотрудник

zolkin.ag@phystech.eduPetrovsky National Research Centre of SurgeryРоссийский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. ПетровскогоB.V. Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of SurgeryРоссийский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б.В. Петровского0406202616430102202621022026Copyright ©; , Eco-VectorCopyright ©; , Эко-ВекторEco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/article/view/702031

Introduction. Endothelial cells, which form the lining of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and cardiac chambers, are located within the body's internal environment, yet do not delimit it from the external environment. They have an epitheliomorphic organization and, therefore, are often considered representatives of the epithelial tissue system. Aim. To update modern data on the molecular-genetic and morpho-functional organization, reactivity and regeneration of the endothelium, which influence the understanding of its systematic affiliation. Results. The accumulated evidence indicates that, based on the combined data on the molecular signature of differentiation occurring during histogenesis, cytoskeletal proteins (vimentin), intercellular adhesion (CD31, CD34), intercellular signaling, products of specialized synthesis (von Willebrand coagulation factor), reactivity, and regeneration characteristics, endothelial cells correspond to tissues of the internal environment. Data on the functioning of transcription factors and their activity inducers, which are specific to epithelia and endothelium, are presented. Information on postnatal physiological and reparative regeneration, the presence of dispersed cambium, including that extending beyond the cell layer (bone marrow), further support this conclusion. Conclusion. Thus, in modern interpretations of physiological and reparative histogenesis of the endothelium, as well as in educational processes, the histological phenomena associated with it should be interpreted taking into account the general patterns characteristic of tissues of the internal environment.

Введение. Эндотелиальные клетки, формирующие выстилку кровеносных, лимфатических сосудов и камер сердца расположены в составе внутренней среды организма, при этом не отграничивают ее от среды внешней, имеют эпителиоморфную организацию и в связи с последним нередко относятся к представителям системы эпителиальных тканей.

Цель обзора. Актуализировать современные данные о молекулярно-генетической и морфо-функциональной организации, реактивности и регенерации эндотелия, влияющих на понимание его систематической принадлежности.

Результаты. Накопленный фактический материал свидетельствует, что по совокупности данных о молекулярной сигнатуре дифференцировки, реализующейся в гистогенезе, белков цитоскелета (виментин), межклеточной адгезии (CD31, CD34 и др.), межклеточного сигналинга, продуктов специализированного синтеза (фактор свертывания фон Виллебранда), реактивности и особенностях регенерации, эндотелиоциты соответствуют представителям тканей внутренней среды. Представлены данные о функционировании различных для эпителиев и эндотелия транскрипционных факторов и индукторов их активности. Сведения о постанатальной физиологической и репаративной регенерации, наличие рассредоточенного камбия, в том числе вынесенного за пределы клеточного пласта (костный мозг) дополнительно подтверждают это суждение.

Заключение. Таким образом, при современной трактовке физиологического и репаративного гистогенеза эндотелия, а также в учебном процессе следует трактовать гистологические феномены, связанные с ним, с учетом общих закономерностей, характерных для тканей внутренней среды.

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