MORPHOLOGY OF THE THYROID GLAND IN THE MALE POPULATION OF YAKUTIA IN DIFFERENT SEASONS OF THE YEAR

Abstract

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Aim. Establishing morphological functional features of the structural organization of the thyroid gland in men of indigenous and non-indigenous nationality of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic in different seasons of the year. Material and Methods. The subject of research was thyroid glands of practically healthy men of indigenous and non-indigenous nationality who died from various acute injuries incompatible with life, excluding neck injuries, in the territory of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republicin the period from January 2007 to August 2012. During research, methods of macro-and micromorphometric and immunohistochemical studies of the thyroid gland were used in the summer and winter periods of the year. Results and Discussion. Morphometric examination of the thyroid gland in men of indigenous and non-indigenous nationality in different periods of the year (summer, winter) in virtually all glands determined areas with signs of increased and decreased activity - the thyroid gland was in continuous cyclic restructuring with periodic states of activity and rest. The histomorphological changes occurring in the thyroid gland in the group of indigenous and non-indigenous in the winter period of the year, in comparison with the summer period of the year, are regarded as compensatory adaptive reactions aimed at maintaining the temperature homeostasis. The obtained results confirm the assumption that in the winter period the inhabitants of the northern regions of the country are in a state of increased stress caused by adaptation of the organism to the cold. At the same time, according to our data, in the winter of the year the group of indigenous people changed the part of the follicular apparatus of the thyroid to a state of increased secretory activity to a lesser extent than the non-indigenous group, which can be regarded as a functional glandular strain in non-indigenous men, necessary to maintain the optimal level of life-sustaining activity in this period of the year. Conclusions. In the extreme climatic conditions of the Far North, it is necessary to monitor the functional state of the thyroid gland in different seasons of the year, both in the adult population and in children of older age groups for early detection and secondary prevention of thyroid pathology.