PRESERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS FOR HIGHER AND POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION

Аннотация

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Background. Modern educational anatomical specimens have some requirements - high quality, practicality, demonstrativeness, durability, visibility, natural properties, minimal toxicity. Aim. The trend of recent years - the growing number of students in medical high schools and the growing interest of graduate surgeons to work on biological tissues (cadavers). Material and Methods. The basis of the dissection in teaching normal anatomy is the use of a material conservated with a formalin-glycerol solution containing 5-10% formalin. Plastination specimens are particularly suitable for practical exercises, examinations; they remain shape, durable, odorless and non-toxic. When carrying out the practical part of the exam, students’ Olympiads in anatomy, they use specimens prepared according to the non formalin (latex) method. The last two methods of conservation are convenient for creating expositions of educational museums, enlightening secondary school students, a broad amateur audience. Results and Discussion. To conduct classes on topographic anatomy, the specimens made by the method of polymeric embalming are used, which makes it possible to create transparent cuts of previously frozen biological objects, frontal and sagital, the mutual arrangement of organs remains. It becomes popular to «soft» pour cadaver material using alcohol solutions, which allows keeping the shape and topography of organs, elasticity and high mobility of joints. Preliminary injection of dyes is indicated if necessary to visualize the blood or lymphatic system. Such material is used, first of all, for postgraduate training of surgeons with the purpose of acquiring practical skills. The importance of freezing natural biological objects with a subsequent slow thawing just before the planned event also remains significant, which allows working on natural tissues. Conclusions. A full range of educational services in the aspect of normal anatomy and operative surgery at university and postgraduate education requires the use of various methods of preparation and conservation of biological specimens.