CYTOARCHITECTONICS OF THE LARYNX IMMUNE TISSUE IN LOW TEMPERATURES

Аннотация

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Aim. Studying diffuse lymphoid tissue of the laryngeal mucosa in hypothermia conditions. Material and Methods. For research we used pieces of the larynx of the lining of the vestibule, left and right ventricles and the infraglotic area recovered from the bodies of the deceased men in the territory of Yakutia. The material was taken in the summer and winter seasons on the basis of the State Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. The preparation of histological preparations was carried out according to the generally accepted method. Results and Discussion. During research of micropreparations of a group of people who died from general hypothermia of the organism in the climatic conditions of Yakutia, we found that when affected by low temperatures, the multilayered flat epithelium swells, a large amount of mucus is deposited in epitheliocytes, the mucosa itself is swelling, the glands and ducts widen; in the lumens there is a conglomeration of mucus. There significant changes in the cellular composition of diffuse lymphoid tissue in the walls of the larynx in males under the influence of low temperatures when compared with the data of the summer period of the year. Thus, it was established that the diffuse lymphoid tissue of the laryngeal mucosa in persons who died from hypothermia is depleted, which is manifested by a decrease in the number of immunocompetent cells in comparison with the indices of a group of people who died in the summer, which is characterized by a decrease in the number of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and also a significant increase in the number of destructively altered cells and macrophages. In addition, under the influence of hypothermia compared with the summer period of the year, there is a significant suppression of lymphocytopoietic processes, which is manifested in a decrease in content of lymphoblastic cells and cells in the state of mitosis. Conclusions. Peripheral immune structures have a high sensitivity to the effect of low natural temperatures, which manifests itself in the form of pathomorphological changes in diffuse lymphoid tissue in the mucous membrane of the larynx, as well as suppression of cellular and humoral immunity.