MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY OF THE NECK

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Background. Among the existing operations on the neck, various types of resections of the thyroid gland, parathyroidectomy, endoscopic dilatation of the larynx and trachea became the most important among the existing operations on the neck. Aim. Indications for these operations are the same pathological processes: tumor of the thyroid gland, thyroid nodules, narrowing of the larynx and trachea of various natures, and others. Material and Methods. These operations are made from different operational accesses: axillary, presternal, retroauricular, lateral, trans oral approach and others. The choice of access is determined by the localization of the process, but depends on the personal experience and inclinations of the surgeon. Therefore, the topographic and anatomical justification for these accesses (the development of the problem of prompt access to the organs of the neck and its experimental justification) is today one of the topical issues. It is caused by the fact that the main contingent of patients with nodular formations of the thyroid gland is women. In particular, the patient pays much attention to the cosmetic aspects of the operation, namely, the condition of the scar. Results and Discussion. At present, there are no data in the literature on the existence of fundamental studies on an objective comparative evaluation of minimally invasive surgical approaches to the organs of the neck. Conclusions. We plan to give a comparative topographic and anatomical justification for modern methods of interventions on the neck organs on the basis of objective evaluation criteria to improve the results of surgical interventions.