CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE CONTENTS OF PERIODONTAL POCKETS OF PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS IN FRACTURES OF THE LOWER JAW

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Aim. To study the cytomorphological features of the contents of periodontal pockets of patients with periodontitis in fractures of the lower jaw. Material and Methods. Thirty patients with periodontitis combined with fractures of the lower jaw were examined, who underwent traditional treatment using dental splints for immobilization of fragments of the jaws. Results and Discussion. The patients revealed cytomorphological features in the contents of periodontal pockets. Among the cellular elements, mainly polymorphonuclear leukocytes were determined. Their number (43.7±1.3%) was significantly higher than that of healthy people. The cytoplasm of most neutrophils was vacuolated, had a toxic granularity, degenerative changes in the form of fragmentation were observed in the nuclei, part of the cells were completely destroyed. Monocytes, lymphocytes, whose number was increased, were present in the studied preparations. In the cytograms there was a microbial flora, located mainly outside the cells and represented by cocci, fungal mycelium, leptotrix type filaments, chopsticks, less often - protozoa. In the patients examined, a decrease in the number of neutrophils in the state of phagocytosis was observed, and phagocytosis was often not completed. In the population of epithelial cells, an increase in the smears of epithelial cells, aggregated in the seams, as well as signs of destruction and dystrophy. There were cells with signs of degeneration, having vacuolization of the cytoplasm and nuclei, an increase in the number of destroyed cells was observed. The number of cells with signs of destruction reached 8.2±0.31%, which was 2 times higher than the healthy indicator (4.8±0.1). Conclusions. Thus, the cytograms of patients with periodontitis combined with fractures of the lower jaw were inflammatory-degenerative type and reflected the presence of destructive processes at the level of the dentogingival joint and alveolar bone.