MODERN ASPECTS OF CLINICAL ANATOMY OF THE XXI CENTURY

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The lecture reviews the concepts of modern clinical anatomy, its structure and content, the methodological foundations of clinical anatomical investigations and the application value for different sections of clinical medicine. Clinical anatomy (applied anatomy) is a scientific-applied direction of modern anatomy, studying the structure and topography of organs and regions in norm and in pathology in the interests of concrete clinical disciplines. In Russia the founder of clinical or applied anatomy was famous surgeon and anatomist N. I. Pirogov (1810-1881). Clinical anatomy began to develop intensively from the second half of the 22nd century. Modern clinical anatomy is characterized by a wide use of diagnostic methods of intravital imaging as methods of intravital anatomical research. On methods of study they distinguish radial (radiological, computer tomographycal, magnetic resonance tomographycal), ultrasound, and endoscopic anatomy. An important part of clinical anatomy is the modern microsurgical anatomy. The fundamental task of the modern clinical anatomy is the creation of an anatomy of a «living person». Clinical anatomy is the anatomical basis of diagnostic tomography, endoscopy, ultrasound scanning, many concrete clinical disciplines: surgery, neurosurgery, cardiosurgery, ophthalmosurgery, traumatology, obstetrics and gynecology, otorhinolaryngology and others.