PHASING AND UNIFICATION OF THE PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS IN THE COURSE OF OPERATIVE SURGERY AND TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY

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The close connection of the discipline of operative surgery and topographic anatomy with the tasks of practical medicine is the basis of its progressive development. To solve the target settings of the subject, that is, to create models of pathological conditions and diseases with their subsequent surgical correction, surgery is used on anatomical material, on simulators, on animals (rats, rabbits, laboratory pigs). Starting classes at the Department, students at the stands and simulators master the technique of suturing on tissues with different physical and chemical properties (silicone, rubber, sponge), while mastering the technique of typical ways of forming nodes. Manipulation of the anatomical material of the next generation of surgical skills. Students master the options of methods and tools used for the following operations: laparotomy, intestinal suture, herniation, appendectomy, tracheostomy, surgery for ectopic pregnancy. It should be noted that the development of skills on simulators and stands in the future allows students to technically correctly and accurately perform standard operations on anatomical material. Operations on laboratory animals (rats, rabbits and laboratory pigs) are the next step. As a rule, these surgical interventions are performed by surgical teams of students - circle members of the Department, that is, students who have already chosen a surgical pathway on the student’s bench. Thus, the phasing of approaches to the formation of practical skills in surgery and topographic anatomy can successfully solve one of the goals of the discipline: the development of methods and rules of surgery.