孕前母体人体测量指标对新生儿体重的影响因素分析

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论证孕前母体的身体测量指标是影响新生儿体重及妊娠结局的重要因素。研究表明,母体体重指数(body mass index, BMI)偏低会增加低出生体重儿的风险,而BMI偏高则与胎儿巨大和分娩并发症的发生密切相关。探讨母体BMI与新生儿体重之间的关系,对于制定区域性胎儿测量标准及改善围产结局具有重要意义。

目的。 基于Kirov region居民的区域数据,评估孕前母体BMI对新生儿体重的影响。

材料与方法。本研究为回顾性观察性单中心研究,共纳入5161名孕妇。根据孕前BMI将其分为三组:低于正常(<18.5 kg/m²)、正常(18.5–24.9 kg/m²)和高于正常(25.0–29.9 kg/m²);不包括肥胖者(BMI≥30 kg/m²)。 分析母体的人体测量指标与新生儿体重之间的关系。统计分析方法包括方差分析、Tukey检验、皮尔逊相关分析和多元线性回归。

结果。不同BMI组的新生儿体重差异具有统计学意义(p <0.001)。随着母体BMI的增加,新生儿的平均体重依次为:BMI低于正常组为3050±380 g,正常组为3300±400 g,高于正常组为3550±420 g。母体体重与新生儿体重之间存在中度正相关关系(r=0.32,p <0.001)。多元线性回归分析显示,母体体重和身高对新生儿体重具有显著影响(p <0.001)。

结论。孕前BMI是影响新生儿体重的显著因素。妊娠前维持BMI在正常范围,有助于改善围产结局。

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作者简介

Eduard M. Iutinsky

Kirov State Medical University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: iutinskiy@ya.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5641-0269
SPIN 代码: 7139-0566

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor

俄罗斯联邦, 112 K. Marx st, Kirov, 610998

Lev M. Zheleznov

Kirov State Medical University

Email: rector@kirovgma.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8195-0996
SPIN 代码: 2107-3507

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, 112 K. Marx st, Kirov, 610998

Sergey A. Dvoryansky

Kirov State Medical University

Email: Kf1@kirovgma.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5632-0447
SPIN 代码: 1840-2379

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, 112 K. Marx st, Kirov, 610998

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2. Fig. 1. Distribution of maternal body weight (a) and neonatal birth weight (b) across groups of women with underweight BMI (blue fill), normal BMI (yellow fill), and overweight BMI (green fill).

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3. Fig. 2. Neonatal birth weight in groups of mothers with underweight, normal, and overweight BMI. Data are presented as a boxplot.

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