Influence of direct seeding technology on respiration of chernozem-like soils of Amur region

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Abstract

Soil CO2 emission was measured by the field chamber method in the experiment on application of no-till technology (without tillage) on chernozem soils of the Amur region of Russia, where 30% of the country’s soybeans are grown. One-factor and two-factor models for estimation of soil respiration per year were constructed based on the data of field measurements for 2022–2024. Soil temperature is a reasonably good predictor of emission (R2 = 0.8, p < 0.001), which allows us to use continuous soil temperature series from loggers to calculate seasonal fluxes at a frequency of 6 times per day. Total annual flux in the experimental plot (no-till) was 0.69 t C/ha or 23.6% lower than in the control plot (conventional tillage). The contribution of the summer period to the annual flux was 59%. The two-factor T&P-model (temperature and precipitation) showed an overestimation of annual flux by 40%. Application of air temperature from the nearest weather station for modeling gave an underestimation of total flux by 13–20%. The no-till plot showed higher water-soluble carbon (2.5 and 3.8%, p = 0.055) and nitrogen (0.3 and 0.6%, p = 0.0025) relative to the conventional plot. Switching to no-till technology increases the density of the upper soil horizons by 8–12%, but the density remains within the optimum for soybean. In the no-till plot, soil volumetric moisture is also consistently higher (by 38% on average in the 0-5 cm layer), which is a strategically important advantage due to frequent periods of moisture deficiency.

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А. V. Ivanov

Institute of Geology and Nature Management of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: aleksandrgg86@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4560-9824
Russian Federation, Blagoveshchensk

V. V. Getmanskii

Far Eastern State Agrarian University

Email: aleksandrgg86@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Blagoveshchensk

P. V. Tihonchuk

Far Eastern State Agrarian University

Email: aleksandrgg86@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Blagoveshchensk

O. А. Selikhova

Far Eastern State Agrarian University

Email: aleksandrgg86@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Blagoveshchensk

A. V. Danilov

Institute of Geology and Nature Management of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: aleksandrgg86@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Blagoveshchensk

O. A. Piletskaya

Institute of Geology and Nature Management of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: aleksandrgg86@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Blagoveshchensk

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2. Fig. 1. Variability of soil and air temperatures at measurement sites (a) and seasonal dynamics of CO2 emissions from the soil surface (b). (a) Ta is the air temperature, Ts-n is the soil temperature at the no-till site, Ts-t is the soil temperature at the site with traditional technology, (b) 1 is the no-till technology, 2 is the traditional technology.

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3. Fig. 2. Changes in soil density (a) and volumetric moisture in the 0–5 cm layer (b) at the studied sites depending on the soil cultivation technology (1 – no-till, 2 – traditional).

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4. Fig. 3. Annual carbon fluxes by seasons of the year in plots without soil cultivation (N) and with traditional soil cultivation (T), obtained using four calculation options: single-factor models with predictors – soil temperature (S), air temperature at measurement sites (A), air temperature at the weather station (M) and the T&P model.

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5. Fig. 4. Carbon content (a) and carbon stock cumulative curves (b) in soil layers in areas with (1) and without soil cultivation (2).

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