ENDOSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE ILEOCECAL JUNCTION AND THE CECUM

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Aim. The study of the endoscopic anatomy of the ileocecal junction and the cecum. Material and Methods. 97 people (57 women and 40 men) aged from 25 to 78 years, were examined, who underwent morphometry of the ileocecal transition and the cecum with the use of colonoscopy. Colonoscopy was used in suspected pathology of the ileocecal area, which was not confirmed. Results and Discussion. In our study, the predominant direction of the ileocecal valve was in the dome of the cecum (in 71.1%), in 24.8% - perpendicular to the axis of the cecum, and only in 4.1% of cases - in the ascending colon. Studying the shape of the ileocecal valve, we noticed their difference depending on the level of examination during colonoscopy: from the ascending colon and frontal examination. We determined its shape in the phase of relaxation, that is, after the passage of the peristaltic wave. It turned out that among the variety of forms when viewed from the ascending colon, one can distinguish flattened, flat, crescent, saddle-shaped and polypoid forms. Moreover, flattened, flat and sickle-shaped forms can be combined into non - ascending forms, and saddle-shaped and polypoid forms-into protruding forms. Unyielding forms was predominate (67%) over exposed (33%). Among the first forms more often (40.2%) there are flattened forms, and among the second - saddle-shaped (19.6%). The lipoid, papillary and transitional forms are determined by the frontal examination of the ileocecal transition, and mainly (81.4%) there is a lipoid form, and papillary - only 4.1% of cases, transitional - in 14.5% of cases. Conclusions. Thus, the results of the studies suggest that colonoscopy is a highly effective method of in vivo anatomical study of the ileocecal transition and the cecum.