FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX: FROM BRODMANN CONCEPT TO 3D MULTIMODAL MAPS

Abstract

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Background. In 1909, K. Brodmann have characterized 52 different areas in the cerebral cortex. For many years, neurologists and neurosurgeons have been using this map for working. However, the cortical architecture is more heterogeneous. Modern techniques of neurophysiological control allow expanding our knowledge in brain field organization. Aim. To investigate modern data of cortical cyto- , myelo- and mesoarchitectonic organization using new neurovisualizating methods. Material and Methods. Analysis of primary sources, reviews and dissertations, as well as articles from the Medline and Scopus databases over the past 20 years. Results and Discussion. We consider cyto- and myeloarchitecture for defining 3D multimodal map in contrast to Brodmann brain map. New applications like Micro-optical sectioning tomography, optical coherence tomography, immunohistochemistry, receptor autoradiography - these new applications combining with computational techniques allow understanding multiple levels of brain organization. Conclusions. Brodmann`s pioneered map is essential different from the current data. Thus, the letter confirms the hypothesis of cortical multilevel organization. This issue is not elucidate enough in Russian literature that must the preconditions for new research.