INFLUENCE OF ANATOMIC PARAMETERS OF THE ALVEOLAR PROCESSES OF THE UPPER JAW ON THE SIZE OF DENTAL IMPLANTS

Abstract

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Background. The anatomical parameters of the alveolar processes determine the possibility of using dental implants in the treatment of patients. Aim. Often the complexity of dental implantation occurs in the area of premolars and molars of the upper jaw due to the proximity of the maxillary sinus. Material and Methods. The analysis of computed tomography data of 30 patients (men and women) of 2 mature periods was carried out, which were subsequently followed by dental implants «osstem» on the upper jaw in the premolar area and the first molar. Results and Discussion. In the area of the first premolar, the average height of the alveolar process was 11.9±0.31 mm, which made it possible to establish implants in 50% of cases 11.5 mm long, 30% - 10 mm. In 10% of cases, implants were 8.5 mm long, in 10% - 13 mm. Most often implants were used with the smallest diameter of 3.5 mm (40%). In the area of the second premolar, the average height of the alveolar process was 9.7±0.27 mm, so in 40% of cases, implants were 7 mm long, 30% - 8.5 mm, 20% - 10 mm, 10% - 13 mm. The diameter of the implants was 4 mm in 50% of the cases. In the area of the first molar, the average height of the alveolar process was 4.5±0.15 mm, so 50% of the patients required an increase in the height of the alveolar process before the installation of the implants, and the operation of sinus lifting. In the area of the first molars, implants with a length of 10 mm, in 16.5% - 8.5 mm, in 16.5% - 11.5 mm were installed in 67% of cases. The diameter of the implants in 67% of cases was 5 mm. Conclusions. Dimensions of the alveolar process determine the choice of dental implants in the area of premolars and molars of the upper jaw. The lowest height of the alveolar process is noted in the area of the first molar, which requires preparatory operations before dental implantation.