Том 65, № 1 (2025)

Systematic observations in the near-infrared on the TST-2 solar tower telescope of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory began in 1999 and continue until now. During this time, unique observational material has been accumulated that allows us to analyze the evolution of coronal holes, filaments and active regions. Due to the fact that during this time the observational process has been repeatedly modernized with varying degrees of complexity, and changes have been made to the processing programs, we have several series of spectroheliograms of different types. The last stage of modernization, in particular, concerned the creation of new software, with the possibility of stream processing of observation results. This allowed us to systematize the work to unify the presentation of our data. In this paper, we present the updated database. The structure of the database, access to its elements, and examples of comparison of solar disk maps from our database with images of the Sun in other spectral lines and synthesized by different algorithms are discussed. The unified database is a convenient tool for uniform visualization of observational material obtained over more than two solar cycles. It can be useful for scientific research in the field of studying the nature and evolution of coronal holes and their connection with other structures on the Sun.

The results of a comparative analysis of the solar proton event on March 30, 2022, which has an unusual time profile of solar proton fluxes, with the previous and subsequent solar proton events (March 28, 2022 and April 02, 2022) are presented. Increases in energetic proton fluxes in interplanetary and near-Earth space are associated with successive solar X-ray flares M4.0, X1.3 and M3.9 and three halo-type coronal mass ejections. The work was done based on experimental data obtained from spacecraft located in interplanetary space (ACE, WIND, STEREO A, DSCOVR), in a circular polar orbit at an altitude of 850 km (Meteor-M2) and in geostationary orbit (GOES-16, Electro-L2). An explanation has been proposed for the features of the energetic proton flux profile in the solar proton event on March 30, 2022: protons accelerated in the flare on March 30, 2022 were partially screened by an interplanetary coronal mass ejection, the source of which was the explosive processes on the Sun on March 28, 2022; late registration of maximum proton fluxes, simultaneous for particles of different energies, is due to the arrival of particle fluxes inside an interplanetary coronal mass ejection. The spatial distribution of solar protons in near-Earth orbit was similar to the distribution at the Lagrange point L1, but with a delay of ~50 min.

Detected were induced proton precipitations from the inner radiation belt went with almost a half (11) of 25 anomalous electron events registered onboard “Meteor-M №2” satellite in 2014−2022 in Oceania at low latitudes in the morning hours of local time under quiet geomagnetic conditions. It is surmised that such proton precipitations could be a manifestation of cyclotron resonance between protons and low frequency electromagnetic waves stimulated by a mobile ionospheric heater. Observed effects in anomalous electron events, which could be interpreted in the framework of a mobile ionospheric heater concept, are also discussed.

Daytime high-latitude geophysical phenomena provide a ground-based observer with information about processes at the daytime magnetopause and/or in adjacent magnetospheric domains. It is assumed that these phenomena are initiated by changes in the parameters of the interplanetary medium and therefore can be used as a tool for studying the ways in which solar wind energy penetrates through the magnetopause. Such phenomena include magnetic impulses, which are an isolated train of damped oscillations of 2–3 bursts with a repetition period of 8–12 minutes. Using data from the Scandinavian network of magnetometers IMAGE, eight magnetic impulse events were studied for which DMSP satellites flew over the observation area during, shortly before and immediately after the pulse, crossing the boundaries of several domains. Based on ground-based and satellite data, it has been shown that the downward field-aligned current associated with the impulses is located away from the magnetopause. This means that the impulse cannot be considered as an ionospheric trace of a reconnected magnetic flux tube (flux transfer event, FTE) and/or as a traveling convection vortex (TCV). Using more statistics, it has been established that the pulse is preceded by noticeable changes in the By and Bz components of the IMF, while the contribution to the generation of the impulse from the pressure jump and solar wind speed, as well as the Bx component of the IMF, is not obvious. A possible scenario for the initiation of a magnetic pulse by IMF variations is discussed.

We conducted the analysis of ionospheric disturbances that occurred during the moderate magnetic storm of 14–20 January 2022. The study is based on data of vertical and oblique ionospheric sounding obtained in the Northeastern region of Russia, and supplemented by observations at HF radars and magnetic observatories. It has been revealed that the amplitudes of positive and negative ionospheric disturbances accompanying this storm are comparable to those observed on other days of January during weak magnetic storms and disturbances. Specific features of the disturbances observed only during the storm in question are as follows: (1) a midnight–morning increase of the maximum observed frequency of one-hop mode of HF radio wave propagation on the paths Norilsk — Tory and Magadan — Tory on 14 January; (2) enhanced nighttime fluctuations in F2-layer critical frequency in Irkutsk and the maximum observed frequency of one-hop mode on the path Magadan — Tory on 15 January; (3) Morning–midday Es layers with limiting frequencies reaching 7 MHz that were observed in mid-latitudes at the end of the first and beginning of the second day of the storm recovery phase.

The work is devoted to the description of the design of the measuring module (ferrosonde magnetic compass) and the creation on its basis of various magnetometric devices.These devices are designed to carry out geomagnetic and special works in various conditions and environments, – as for use in stationary observation points, also working on expeditions.