实验中暴露于无机凝胶和血管内皮生长因子的萎缩性瘢痕的肥大细胞

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论证。对萎缩性瘢痕及其治疗研究很少，因为作者们的精力传统上都集中在瘢痕疙瘩和增生性疤痕领域。肥大细胞可能在萎缩性疤痕的发展及其治疗中发挥着关键作用。

本研究的目的是对无机凝胶和含血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF）的生物复合材料定量评估萎缩性瘢痕模型中的肥大结缔组织细胞。

材料和方法。研究对象是 36 只雄性 Wistar 大鼠，分为 6 组： I 组包括完整的动物；II 组为对照组；III 组使用血管内皮生长因子；IV 组使用氢氧化铝凝胶；V 组使用硅凝胶；6 组使用基于氢氧化铝和血管内皮生长因子的生物复合材料。

结果。据统计，所有研究组中肥大细胞的数量密度都明显低于完整皮肤，而脱颗粒程度则明显高于完整皮肤。在没有实验应用的萎缩性瘢痕模型中，观察到最大比例的完全脱颗粒肥大细胞在使用血管内皮生长因子时，会出现部分血管旁肥大细胞脱颗粒现象。在无机凝胶的影响下，可以观察到疤痕真皮结构的恢复，这也与肥大细胞的部分脱颗粒有关。当使用硅凝胶时，部分脱粒的肥大细胞聚集在疤痕的深层区域，使用氢氧化铝凝胶时，则聚集在表皮下层。生物复合材料的实验应用结合了血管内皮生长因子和氢氧化铝的应用效果。肥大细胞的定量和定性特征及其脱颗粒程度可作为评估局部施用生物活性物质对萎缩性瘢痕效果的标准。

结论。萎缩性瘢痕真皮细胞间质成分的恢复，无机凝胶作用下成纤维细胞合成活性的增加与肥大细胞脱颗粒和数量的增加有关。在使用聚硅氧烷的实验中，疤痕的再生过程在较深的区域进行，而在使用铝水凝胶的组别中，再生过程在较浅的区域进行。在局部应用磷酸盐缓冲液中的血管内皮生长因子溶液时，可发现真皮旁肥大细胞部分脱颗粒。生物复合材料的实验应用结合了铝水凝胶和血管内皮生长因子的实验应用效果。上述效果显然是由萎缩性疤痕的上皮细胞介导的。

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作者简介

Varvara G. Nikonorova

State Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: bgnikon@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9453-4262
SPIN 代码: 2161-4838
俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

Ivan V. Gaivoronsky

Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov; St Petersburg University; Almazov National Medical Research Centre

Email: i.v.gaivoronsky@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7232-6419
SPIN 代码: 1898-3355

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg

Irina A. Odintsova

Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov

Email: odintsova-irina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0143-7402
SPIN 代码: 1523-8394

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

Vladimir V. Chrishtop

Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov

Email: chrishtop@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9267-5800
SPIN 代码: 3734-5479

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

Aleksey A. Semenov

Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov; St Petersburg University

Email: semfeodosia82@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1977-7536
SPIN 代码: 1147-3072

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg

Oleg V. Gorbanev

Almazov National Medical Research Centre

Email: o.v.gorbanev@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-1083-8917
俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Morphologic changes in atrophic rat skin scar under experimental application of inorganic gels (staining with toluidine blue, ×40, arrows point to mast cells): a — control group with atrophic scar model; b — mast cells at the border with hypodermis (experimental application polysiloxane-based inorganic gel); c — sparse mast cells near the vessel wall at the border with hypodermis (experimental application inorganic aluminum gel); d — numerous mast cells along the vessel sprouting the thickness of atrophic scar (group with experimental application of biocomposite based on inorganic aluminum gel and growth factor).

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