电离辐射诱导皮肤损伤模型中注射抗坏血酸后角质形成细胞增殖与凋亡的形态计量学指标

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论证。文献中已报道多种电离辐射类型对皮肤造成的辐射性损伤和纤维化表现。与其他类型电离辐射相比，电子束对健康器官的细胞毒性相对较低，但其副作用尚未被充分研究。在恶性肿瘤治疗和经皮照射过程中，保护表皮和真皮免受电子束细胞毒性影响仍是重要任务。

目的：在电离辐射诱导皮肤损伤的实验模型中，评估注射抗坏血酸后角质形成细胞增殖与凋亡的形态计量学特征。

方法。本研究为单中心前瞻性对照实验。研究对象为Wistar雄性大鼠（9–10周龄，体重220±20克）股外侧皮肤组织的切片。动物（n=50）随机分为四个实验组：I组 — 对照组（n=20）；II组 — 局部电子束照射，剂量为40 Gy（n=10）；III组 — 照射前腹腔注射抗坏血酸50 mg/kg，随后接受40 Gy电子束照射（n=10）；IV组 — 单独注射抗坏血酸，未进行照射（n=10）。于照射后第10天采集照射区域皮肤样本，进行组织学与免疫组织化学检测（使用Ki-67和caspase-3抗体）。

结果。在使用NOVAC-11（意大利）直线加速器进行40 Gy电子束照射10天后，照射区域出现典型的辐射性皮肤损伤征象，包括湿性脱屑、水肿、基底层部分脱落、真表皮连接区形成微小空腔、大部分皮脂腺受损，以及丙二醛含量与超氧化物歧化酶活性失衡。Ki-67和caspase-3的表达结果显示角质形成细胞的增殖能力降低，凋亡增强。然而，在照射前给予抗坏血酸处理的动物中，角质形成细胞的增殖与凋亡指标以及表皮厚度均接近对照组水平。

结论。研究结果表明，在40 Gy局部电子束照射条件下，抗坏血酸对表皮具有较高的辐射防护效能。抗坏血酸通过减少自由基介导的氧化损伤，并诱导超氧化物歧化酶的表达，从而防止辐射诱导的角质形成细胞凋亡。

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作者简介

Grigory A. Demyashkin

National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: dr.dga@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8447-2600
SPIN 代码: 5157-0177

Dr. Sci. (Medicine)

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

Matvey A. Vadyukhin

The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University

Email: vma20@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6235-1020
SPIN 代码: 9485-7722
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Anna K. Marukyan

The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University

Email: Marukyan87@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4619-7385
SPIN 代码: 4320-6507
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Susanna V. Saakyan

The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University

Email: drsaakyan@icloud.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8606-8716
SPIN 代码: 7742-1420
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Elza B. Karakaeva

The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University

Email: kchr09@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9833-3433
SPIN 代码: 8221-3003
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Sergey N. Koryakin

National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: korsernic@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0128-4538
SPIN 代码: 8153-5789

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Elena Y. Shapovalova

V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University

Email: shapovalova_l@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2544-7696
SPIN 代码: 5321-1246

Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Simferopol

Alexey A. Kantorovich

The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University

Email: w.q.989@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-9370-3600
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Anastasiia S. Andrievskikh

The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University

Email: Andrievskikh2002@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-1787-5910
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Skin fragments from rats on day 10 of the experiment: a, control group (group 1); b, after a single electron irradiation at a dose of 40 Gy (group 2); c, after ascorbic acid administration prior to irradiation (group 3). Hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification ×100; scale bar 50 µm.

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3. Fig. 2. Skin fragments on day 10 of the experiment, immunohistochemical analysis with Mayer’s hematoxylin counterstaining: a–c, Ki-67 antibodies; d–f, caspase-3 antibodies; a, d, control group (1); b, e, after a single electron irradiation at a dose of 40 Gy (group 2); c, f, after ascorbic acid administration prior to irradiation (group 3). Magnification ×400; scale bar 50 µm.

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