大鼠胚胎发育过程中肛直肠黏膜的组织发生特征

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详细

论证在胚胎发育过程中,肛管黏膜的形成和分化发生于来源不同的外胚层上皮与肠源性上皮之间的相互作用过程中。直肠肛门区域的上皮覆盖特征尚需进一步明确。关于肛直肠管上皮在胚胎发育期间组织结构及其形成特点的资料,在理论(进化)和实践层面均具有重要意义,因为该区域是胚胎发育异常和肿瘤形成的常见部位。

目的:描述大鼠胚胎发育过程中肛直肠黏膜的组织发生特征。

材料与方法。本研究为观察性、单中心、回顾性、非对照研究。研究对象为实验室白鼠(Rattus norvegicus)胚胎发育第9、13、15及18天时肛直肠管尾部区域。采用形态学研究方法。形态学分析在经苏木精-伊红染色的组织切片上进行。

结果。在胚胎发育第9天,尾部远端形成泄殖膜;第13天出现肛直肠管,其内衬由皮肤上皮和肠道上皮构成,两者之间由一层双层的类尿路上皮连接。至第15天,该双层上皮被一群具有高染色性核的圆形细胞所取代。在胚胎第18天,在肛直肠连接区域可观察到两个在遗传来源和形态结构上均不同的上皮之间存在清晰的分界线。

结论。研究结果表明,在大鼠胚胎发育过程中,肛直肠管的皮肤部分与肠道部分之间在一定时期存在一种类尿路上皮,其在形态和功能结构上具有特异性。在胚胎发育后期,该类尿路上皮逐渐消失,表明其具有暂时性特征。

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作者简介

Anastasia S. Komarova

Kirov Military Medical Academy

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: tsirya7777777@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-2390-9927
SPIN 代码: 6585-6771
俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

Dina R. Slutskaya

Kirov Military Medical Academy

Email: dina_hanieva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3910-2621
SPIN 代码: 2546-9393

Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Paracloacal plate in a rat embryo at embryonic day 9: 1 — spherical nuclei of paracloacal plate cells located beneath the periderm; 2 — blood vessels containing formed blood elements. Hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification ×1000 (oil immersion).

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3. Fig. 2. Rat embryo at embryonic day 9: 1 — formation of the urogenital sinus / cloaca; 2 — amniotic cavity. Hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification ×100.

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4. Fig. 3. Granulocytes within the epithelial lining of the anorectal canal in a rat embryo at embryonic day 15. Hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification ×400.

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5. Fig. 4. Anorectal canal in a rat embryo at embryonic day 18 — cell cluster at the boundary between ectodermal (1) and enterodermal (2) epithelia. Hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification ×1000 (oil immersion).

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