Modification of bentonite properties with iron oxide nanoparticles

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Abstract

Powdered materials based on bentonite and a mixed solid solution magnetite/maghemite were synthesized by the chemical coprecipitation method. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis, magnetic measurements, and nuclear γ-resonance spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface and study the physicochemical properties of the resulting compounds. It has been found that bentonite affects the point defects in the magnetite/maghemite crystal lattice, as well as the crystallite size and dislocation density. It has been shown that samples of the bentonite/iron oxide composite are characterized by lower residual magnetization and higher values of the effective anisotropy field strength compared to those detected for Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 powder. Based on the Mössbauer spectroscopy data, a conclusion has been made about the localization of Fe2+ ions in the bentonite structure near oxygen vacancies that form octahedral positions.

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About the authors

A. V. Noskov

Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: avn@isc-ras.ru
Russian Federation, Ivanovo

O. V. Alekseeva

Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS

Email: avn@isc-ras.ru
Russian Federation, Ivanovo

D. N. Yashkova

Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS

Email: avn@isc-ras.ru
Russian Federation, Ivanovo

A. V. Agafonov

Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS

Email: avn@isc-ras.ru
Russian Federation, Ivanovo

M. N. Shipko

Lenin Ivanovo State University of Power Engineering

Email: avn@isc-ras.ru
Russian Federation, Ivanovo

M. A. Stepovich

Tsiolkovsky Kaluga State University

Email: avn@isc-ras.ru
Russian Federation, Kaluga

E. S. Savchenko

National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”

Email: avn@isc-ras.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. SEM images of synthesized samples: a – iron oxide; b – bentonite/iron oxide composite. The inset shows a fragment on an enlarged scale.

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3. Fig. 2. Diffraction patterns of samples: 1 — mixture of iron oxides; 2 — bentonite/iron oxides composite. The inset shows the diffraction pattern of bentonite.

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4. Fig. 3. Magnetic hysteresis loops: a – iron oxide mixture; b – bentonite/iron oxide mixture composite. The insets show enlarged fragments. M – magnetization; H – external magnetic field strength.

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5. Fig. 4. Mössbauer spectra of a mixture of iron oxides (a) and a bentonite/iron oxide mixture composite (b): v is the Doppler velocity of the γ-quanta source relative to the absorber, the sample under study; the upper horizontal axis shows the corresponding number of γ-radiation recording channels; P is the intensity of the maximum of resonant absorption of γ-quanta; N is the corresponding number of recorded pulses.

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