Regulatory role of protein p53 in the functional activity of the central nervous system

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Abstract

Protein p53 is one of the most popular topics among researchers. Over the past 40 years since its discovery, more than 100 thousand scientific works have been written, and this is growing steadily. The increased interest in this protein among doctors lies in its participation in the development of malignant tumors, a socially significant group of diseases of the 21st century. p53 is a tumor suppressor. Normally, when exposed to damaging factors, this protein promotes DNA repair or apoptosis, depending on the damage, which in turn prevents the accumulation of cells with mutant DNAs. When p53 mutates, it loses its function, leading to abnormal cell proliferation and tumor progression.

The role of p53 is not limited to carcinogenesis. It also participates in the regulation of the central nervous system; however, its role is ambiguous. Although p53 is also involved in the embryogenesis of nervous tissue and promotes the differentiation of neural stem cells, it can also have a damaging effect on neurons.

The literature review presents current data on the structure and function of p53, the main regulator of the human genome, and its homologs (p63 and p73). These proteins are considered to play a role in programmed cell death and carcinogenesis. The role of p53 family proteins in the functioning of the central nervous system and neuroprotection was also examined.

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About the authors

Vladislav N. Kotov

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba

Author for correspondence.
Email: fnkc.vladislav@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8416-8238
Russian Federation, Moscow

Margarita G. Kostyaeva

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba

Email: kostyaeva.71@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5182-0373
SPIN-code: 4364-3214

Cand. Sci. (Veterinary), Assistant Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Svetlana S. Ibadullaeva

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba

Email: ibadullayeva00@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

Igor B. Ganshin

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba

Email: gibdoc@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5766-9416
SPIN-code: 2765-7044

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Olga S. Khodorovich

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba

Email: khodorovich-o@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6014-4597
SPIN-code: 8907-1850

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Timur T. Valiev

National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin

Email: timurvaliev@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1469-2365
SPIN-code: 9802-8610

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Alla F. Kartasheva

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba

Email: khodorovich-o@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8533-301X
SPIN-code: 5814-9282

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of p53 structure (NLS — nuclear localization sequence).

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3. Fig. 2. Extrinsic (TNF-dependent) apoptotic pathway. FADD — Fas-associated DD-protein, TRADD — TNFR1-associated DD-protein, TNF — tumor necrosis factor, DISC — death-inducing signaling complex.

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4. Fig. 3. Mitochondrial (intrinsic) apoptotic pathway.

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