Vol 144, No 5 (2013)

The article presents the main aspects of life and scientific investigations of F. M. Lazarenko, the founder of the Orenburg scientific histological school, the corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. The major directions and the results of scientific research of F. M. Lazarenko are described together with the research of his disciples and Orenburg histological school representatives working in Orenburg State Medical Academy during the period from 1930s to the beginning of XXI century.

In 176 human fetuses at prenatal weeks 16–23, the quantitative study was performed to evaluate the changes of topography of the hearts chambers, septum and valves, aorta, pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava. Te method of N. I. Pirogov, macro-microscopical dissection and preparation of the histotopographical sections in three mutually perpendicular planes were used. As a result of this study, the data on holotopy, skeletotopy and sintopy of the heart and major mediastinal vessels in the early fetal period of human ontogenesis, were obtained. Tese data may be used as reference parameters during the diagnostic ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance tomographic studies of fetuses and during surgical operations performed on fetuses.

Experimental study of morphological peculiarities of intestinal wall and common bile duct wall healing using microsurgical sutures under the condition of peritonitis and cholangitis, was performed in 112 dogs. It was shown that the microsurgical suturing of intestinal wall and common bile duct wall affected by the inflammatory process, created the favorable conditions for wound healing. During the recovery period, the thickness of all the layers of the intestinal wall decreased, the disturbances of the normal fibrous structure and the vascular reaction of the submucosa were reduced. Connective tissue capsule was formed around the threads. The structure of the suture zone was not different from that of the neighboring areas of the intestine.

The morpho-functional characteristics of reproductive organs of small mammals — striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius Pallas, 1771), house mouse (Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758), wood mouse (Sylvaemus uralensis Pallas, 1811), common vole (Microtus arvalis Pallas, 1778), bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus Schreber, 1780), steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus Pallas, 1773), little suslik (Spermophilus pygmaeus Pallas, 1778), and red-heeked suslik (Spermophilus major Pallas, 1779) — belonging to the populations inhabiting anthropogenically modified steppe landscapes (zones influenced by the ferrous metallurgy plants and gas processing plant, as well as the territory of the large city) were studied using histological, electron microscopic, immunocytochemical and morphometric methods. In animals studied, inhabiting technologically modified ecosystems, in contrast to those from ecologically safe regions, the testis demonstrated the increased destruction of spermatogenic epithelium. In the ovaries, the accelerated exhaustion of follicular reserve was detected. The increased embryonic death rate was also observed. The portion of the animals participating in reproduction was enlarged, the female fecundity was increased, while the age at puberty was decreased. Among the animal species studied, the variable degree of stability against the effect of the negative factors was demonstrated.

The structural and functional reorganization of the synovial membrane of the knee joint capsule was studied in 22 individuals of mature age (30–65 years) of both genders with the use of light and electron microscopy, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and morphometry. The morpho-functional peculiarities of the synovial membrane remodeling in the II period of mature age included: increase the in the synovial intima thickness; significant accumulation of type IV collagen at the border of synovial intima with the subintimal fibrovascular layer of synovial membrane; activation of matrix metalloproteinases ММР-2 and ММР-9; increased cell proapoptotic activity in synovial intima. Collectively, these changes may initiate the disturbances in fluid production and the development of the degenerative-dystrophic processes in the articular cartilage at this stage of ontogenesis.