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Vol 132, No 6 (2007)
- Year: 2007
- Articles: 27
- URL: https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/issue/view/7566
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.200706
Articles
«Morfologiya» journal in 2007
Morphology. 2007;132(6):7-8
7-8
Gastrointestinal protective barrier
Abstract
Current views on the protective function of the gastrointestinal barrier are based on the capacity of its surface and glandular epi-theliocytes to synthesize the mucins. The most significant types of gel-forming mucins are MUC 5AC, MUC 5B, MUC 6 and MUC 2. The type of the mucin is cell-specific and is determined by the character of cell phenotype. The change of the mucin type may be the major factor in the development of pathology. The protective mucin function is realized with the participation of trefoil peptides. The problem of the mechanism of mucin-trefoil peptide macromolecular complex formation in normal and patho-logical states is discussed.
Morphology. 2007;132(6):9-16
9-16
Cytoarchitectonics, neuronal organization and the influence of gender factor on neuronal dendroarchitectonics of amygdala posterior medial nucleus in rat
Abstract
The aim of this study was the analysis of cytoarchitectonics, neuronal organization and gender factor influence on neuronal dendroarchitectonics of amygdala posterior medial nucleus. The study was performed on 50 adult Wistar rats (25 male and 25 female) using Nissl and Golgi staining methods. The nucleus is shown to be formed by large neurons, which in silver-impreg-nated sections, had the characteristics of long-axon sparsely- and densely-branched neurons. In male rats, dendrites of long-axon sparsely-branched neurons had greater branching indexes, while those of long-axon densely-branched neurons were longer than in females.
Morphology. 2007;132(6):17-21
17-21
Structural and metabolic changes in rat hypothalamic histaminergic neurons induced by the bile loss
Abstract
The aim of the study was the estimation of structural and metabolic changes in histaminergic neurons of rat hypotha-lamic E2 nucleus induced by total external bile drainage. The investigation was carried out on male Wistar rats (n=45). The control group comprised the sham-operated animals, in which the physiological bile drainage was preserved during the whole experimental period. Quantitative histological and histochemical methods were used. In serial frontal cryostat sections of poste-rior hypothalamus, the activity of the following enzymes was demonstrated histochemically: monoamine oxidase B, succinate dehydrogenase, NADH- dehydrogenase, NADPH-dehydroge-nase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydroge-nase and acid phosphatase. Morphometric study of histaminergic neurons was performed in thionin-stained sections. It was found that total external bile drainage resulted in a temporary reduc-tion of the sizes and rounding of neuronal perikarya. Metabolic changes were detected already after 1 day of bile loss, and they were found to progress henceforth. All the pathways of energy metabolism were suppressed, while the acid phosphatase activity was increased, on day 5.
Morphology. 2007;132(6):22-25
22-25
Intracerebral progression of transplanted rat C6 glioblastoma cells pretreated with neuropeptides and МАРК inhibitor
Abstract
The authors have monitored C6 glioma cell invasive growth, proliferation and transcriptional regulation after pretreatment with endothelin-1 and ERK1/2 specific inhibitor PD9S059. To explore proliferation of C6 glioma cells in different growth conditions, they were treated in vitro with endothelin-1 and implanted into the brain. In vitro studies have indicated that PD9S059 inhibited the proliferation of cultured C6 glioma cells and induced the activation of E2F1 and Мус-Max transcriptional factors. Endothelin-1 strongly increased C6 glioma cell prolif-eration. The model used in this study is experimental, but it may provide an insight into the specific behavior of in vitro cultured invasive cells.
Morphology. 2007;132(6):26-30
26-30
Changes of the ventral dendrite of goldfish Mauthner neuron induced by optokinetic stimulation
Abstract
It was recently demonstrated that following the optomotor drum, rotating contralaterally to the turn side, spontaneously pre-ferred by the goldfish fry, inverted their motor asymmetry. The study of Mauthner neuron (MN) structure using the histological
method of 3D reconstruction, and the measurements of right and left MN in these fishes, has detected the 3-fold decrease of the volume of the ventral dendrite (VD) of ipsilateral MN, which was reciprocally related to MN functional activity. At the same time, total volume of contralateral MN remained larger than that of ipsilateral one by one quarter, which was the case in intact fishes. It is suggested that the decrease in the size of VD, which receives the afferentation from the contralateral eye, that follows the moving stripes of the optomotor drum, is the result of a spe-cific contralateral visual stimulation and is the first evidence of the possibility of MN natural stimulation through VD
Morphology. 2007;132(6):29-34
29-34
Parasympathetic innervation of proximal parts of the colon in cat
Abstract
The localization and morphometric features of efferent para-sympathetic neurons of the vagus dorsal motor nucleus and of the spinal sacral parasympathetic nucleus innervating
the area of ileocaecal sphincter, ascending and transverse colon, were investigated. In urethane anaesthetized cats, the solution of horseradish peroxidase was injected under the serosa of the indicated areas of colon. In 48 hours animals were transcardially perfused with a fixative solution. Sections of the medulla oblongata and the sacral spinal cord were stained using Mezulam's technique (1978). It was shown that all the areas of the colon studied received parasympathetic innervation from the neurons of the ventrolateral part of the vagus dorsal motor nucleus, which were uniform according to their morphometric characteristics. The number of neurons in this group, sending their axons to the ileocaecal area, was greater than the number of neurons, innervating ascending colon. Second group of neurons, that was represented by smaller cells, was located in the same part of the nucleus and innervated transverse colon. Transverse colon had an additional parasympathetic supply from the neurons of the spinal sacral parasympathetic nucleus.
Morphology. 2007;132(6):34-38
34-38
Reaction of rat brain capillaries to immobilization stress
Abstract
Using calcium-adenosine triphosphate histoangiological method of Chilingarian, the morpho-functional state of the capillary limb of the microcirculatory bed in rat brain was studied at various time intervals after the exposure to experimental immobilization stress (fixation of the animals on the back for 2 hours). The analysis of morphometric data has show that in comparison with intact ani-mals, immediately after the stress the capillaries were contracted by 17,2%, while on the second day their compensatory dilatation by 2,5% took place, which was later followed by a small contraction of 5,6%. Morphometric parameters of the placid and aggressive groups of animals indicate that the behavioral stereotype of placid animals secures more sparing physiological response to stress. It is suggested that the differences in capillary dysfunction significantly depend on the degree of lesions of the neuronal systems, w hich are involved in microcirculation control.
Morphology. 2007;132(6):39-41
39-41
Structural changes of rat myocardium in the motherfetus system exposed to cadmium
Abstract
Myocardium structure and the pattern of cardiomyocyte cellular and intracellular changes were studied in rats follow-ing the exposure of the mother-fetus system to cadmium. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with cadmium sulfate during days 1-16 of pregnancy. Myocardium of the left ventricle was studied in pregnant females and fetuses on day 20 of gestation. Myocardium changes in cadmium-exposed animals included the reduction of cardiomyocyte and blood vessels relative volume in mother and fetus. The damage of the nuclear and nucleolar apparatus was detected, together with the signs of diffuse edema of cardiomyocyte myofibrils and dilatation of intercellular spaces within the myocardium. This changes in cadmium-exposed ani-mals are indicative of the development of regenerative-plastic myocardium insufficiency in the mother-fetus system.
Morphology. 2007;132(6):42-45
42-45
Structural and functional changes of the loose connective tissue and macrophage system in experimental crush-syndrome
Abstract
Cells and the extracellular matrix of the loose connective tissue as well as the macrophage system were studied in experimental crush-syndrome in 50 rats using histological, histochemical and electron microscopical methods. The results of the investigation have shown that the components of the loose connective tissue and the macrophage system actively responded to 1-hour-long hindlimb compression. Severe structural and functional injury of the cells and extracellular matrix of the subcutaneous loose con-nective tissue and of the stroma of different organs (lung, heart, kidney) was detected on dayl, was especially pronounced on day 7 and partly regressed by day 30 after the decompression. These changes included the structural damage of fibroblasts, changes in the number and degranulation of the mast cells, inhibition of RNA synthesis in plasmoblasts and lymphoblasts and the dOstruction of the collagen, elastic and reticular fibers. The num-ber of macrophages in the liver, lungs, spleen, lymph nodes was reduced on days 1 and 7 after the decompression, in some organs this effect persisted until day 20. The activity of acid phosphatase was reduced in the macrophages in crush-syndrome.
Morphology. 2007;132(6):46-51
46-51
Morphometric parameters of rat adrenals in the dynamics of general hypothermia
Abstract
In this study, some morphometric parameters of adrenals in outbred albino male rats were compared in the dynamics of gen-eral hypothermia at the ambient temperature of -18 °C. It was shown that in the course of general hypothermia, the increase of blood vessel relative volume in zona reticularis and in adrenal medulla was accompanied by the augmentation of nucleus size of adrenocorticocytes (mainly in zona fasciculata). Zona fascicu-lata reacted with a significant increase of blood vessel relative volume during the 1st hour of cold exposure, henceforth the parameters remained unchanged. Blood vessel relative volume in the left adrenal was found to significantly exceed that in the right adrenal. Jn zona glomerulosa of the left adrenal, blood vessel relative volume was reduced, while that one in zona glomeru-losa of the right adrenal remained unchanged during the whole experiment. Volume density of mitochondria in the endocrine cells of zona fasciculata was found to increase, this effect being more pronounced in the right adrenal as compared to the left one. In the cells of both glands, the volume density of lipid inclusions was gradually reduced, while the relative volume of nucleoli was variable and there were no statistically significant changes detected during the course of hypothermia.
Morphology. 2007;132(6):52-56
52-56
Biogenic amine content in normal placental structures and in antiphosphoiipid syndrome
Abstract
Using the luminescent-histochemical methods, placenta was studied in 50 normal women with physiological pregnancy and in 35 patients in which the pregnancy progression was complicated by an antiphospholipid syndrome. The following bioamine-posi-tive structures were identified in placenta: decidua, connective tissue and the blood vessels of chorionic plate, terminal villi containing capillaries, and syncytiotrophoblast. In antiphospho-lipid syndrome, the increase in histamine, catecholamine and serotonin luminescence intensity was detected in these structures. This increase was especially pronounced in histamine lumines-cence intensity.
Morphology. 2007;132(6):57-60
57-60
Morphological changes in fetal part of allantoic placenta in rats exposed to acute hypoxia
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the response of cyto- and syncytiotrophoblast elements of fetal part of allantoic placenta to general acute hypoxia and to determine their morphologic characteristics, which provide the basis for structural changes in placenta and for the disturbances in placental blood flow. Female Wistar rats on day 16 of gestation were exposed to hypoxia (8 %
oxygen concentration in the gas mixture) for 1 hr. Placenta was studied 1 and 3 days later. Short-term acute hypoxia during pregnancy was shown to induce an impairment of formation and maturation of the fetal part of placenta. In the labyrinth zone, apoptosis was enhanced and a significant number of hyperchro-matic nuclei appeared in cyto- and syncytiotrophoblast, which lead to the loss of some cells of cytotrophoblast and resulted in the retardation of its development and transformation into syncytiotrophoblast. One day following hypoxia, a stimulation of adaptive processes was evident as demonstrated by a dramatic rise of mitotic activity in the cytotrophoblast of the labyrinth zone of placental fetal part. However, a delay of the labyrinth zone development persisted till the end of pregnancy. Number and volume of fetal blood vessels were decreased as compared to those in control. A sharp decline of number and size of sinusoids containing maternal blood as well as a significant decrease of blood volume in the sinusoids, suggest a spasm of the uterine and placental vessels causing an impairment of utero-placental blood circulation and development of placental insufficiency
Morphology. 2007;132(6):61-64
61-64
Analysis of reparative regeneration of calvarial bones
Abstract
The patterns of reparative osteohistogenesis were studied using the model of defects of rabbit parietal bones (n=18) with light and scanning electron microscopy and morphometry. Posttraumatic regeneration of cranial calvarial bones was shown to include main stages, which were also characteristic for long tubular bones, such as: primary response to trauma, reparative osteohistogenesis and adaptive remodeling. In every stage, tern- porary cellular associations are functioning within the regenerate. These are regeneratory histions which are cellular effectors of reparative process based on the regularities of physiologic osteo-genesis including the phases of resorption, reversion, formation and rest. By day 120 the injured area was shown to be filled predominantly with dense connective tissue, which is associated with functional adaptation without the action of physical load.
Morphology. 2007;132(6):64-69
64-69
Craniological basis of operative approaches to the structures of posterior cranial fossa using endovideomonitoring
Abstract
Cranioscopic and craniometric characteristics of posterior cranial fossa and correlations between them were studied using 127 skulls with different cranial shape (dolicho-, meso- and brachicraniums). It was found that most of the craniometric characteristics were independent on gender and shape of the skull, while each characteristic had some individual peculiari-ties. Endovideomonitoring was used to assess the optimality of suboccipital paramedial and retrosigmoid approaches to posterior cranial fossa using 20 heads of the corpses belonging to adult individuals. It was demonstrated that retrosigmoid approach was optimal for the accessibility of major anatomical structures of posterior cranial fossa.
Morphology. 2007;132(6):70-74
70-74
Localization of bcl-2 antiapoptotic protein in human placenta
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to study the distribution of bcl-2 antiapoptotic protein in various structures of human pla-centa using immunocytochemical methods. Syncytiotrophoblast was found to have the greatest bcl-2 immunorcactivity, while cytotrophoblastic elements, connective tissue cells of the villi and the blood vessel walls were bcl-2-negative. It is suggested that accumulation of bcl-2 in the syncytiotrophoblast may reflect its high resistance to detrimental factors.
Morphology. 2007;132(6):75-76
75-76
Application of hematoxylin in histological technique
Abstract
This review of the literature presents the data on the history of development of the methods of staining of histological sections using the natural dye, hematoxylin. The content of solutions of the most commonly used alum hematoxylins is described. The information is given on the modern staining methods, in which alum and iron hematoxylins are used, as well as on the hema-toxylins, in which vanadium, lead, bismuth, uranium and other metals* salts are applied as mordants.
Morphology. 2007;132(6):77-82
77-82
To 375th anniversary of Antony van Leeuwenhoek's birth
Morphology. 2007;132(6):83-87
83-87
50 years of the Department of Histology of Vladivostok State Medical University
Morphology. 2007;132(6):88-92
88-92
International Scientific Practical Conference «Current Problems of Morphology» (Minsk, Belarus, November 24, 2006)
Morphology. 2007;132(6):93-93
93-93
OTELLIN V.A., KHOZHAI L.I. and ORDYAN N.E. Prenatal stress exposure and the developing brain (adaptive mechanisms, immediate and delayed effects). St. Petersburg, Desyatka, 2007
Morphology. 2007;132(6):94-95
94-95
ASFANDIAROV R.I., BAZHENOV D.V. and SAPIN M.R. Anatomy in questions and answers. Study manual Astrakhan, Tver, Moscow, 2006
Morphology. 2007;132(6):95-95
95-95
PANTELEYEV V.G., YEGOROVA O.V. and KLYKOVA Ye.l. Computer microscopy. Moscow, Tekhnosfera, 2005.
Morphology. 2007;132(6):96-96
96-96
TAMARA IVANOVNA VIKHRUK (to 60th birthday)
Morphology. 2007;132(6):97-97
97-97
ASLAN KHUSEINOVICH URUSBAMBETOV (to 70th birthday)
Morphology. 2007;132(6):98-98
98-98
Bibliographic index of articles published in «Morfologiya» in 2007
Morphology. 2007;132(6):99-102
99-102
Authors index
Morphology. 2007;132(6):103-104
103-104