Vol 153, No 2 (2018)

Objective - to study the characteristics of the intercostal nerves in the area of the lateral margin of rectus abdominis muscle. Materials and methods. Unfixed cadavers of 88 individuals both sexes without signs of anterior abdominal wall pathology were studied. Among them 45 % were cadavers of men (average age is 53.8±11.9 years) and 55 % of women (51.9±13.2 years). The number of intercostal nerves in the area of lateral margin of aponeurotic sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle was determined, the variants of penetration of intercostal nerves into rectus abdominis muscle were studied, and the distance from the external edge of the rectus abdominis muscle to the point of nerve penetration into its depth was measured. Results. In autopsy material studied, the number of intercostal nerves in the area of rectus abdominis muscle varied from 5 to 7, most frequently being 6 (in 70 %). The occurrence of 5 intercostal nerves was observed significantly more often in men (67 %), while 7 intercostal nerves were more common in women (64 %), and the 6 intercostal nerves were detected almost equally often in both sexes. Besides, posterior (63 %) and lateral (37 %) variants of penetration of the intercostal nerves in the rectus abdominis muscle were found. Posterior variant was significantly more frequently observed in women (69 %), while lateral variant - in men (70 %). The distance between lateral edge of the rectus abdominis muscle and the point of intercostal nerve penetration varied from 1.0 to 4.5 cm and was 3.2±0.4 cm on average. Maximal values of this parameter were observed in the upper area of the anterior abdominal wall and among women. Conclusion. The new data on the surgical anatomy of intercostal nerves in the area of the lateral margin of the rectus abdominis muscle should be considered during the plastic operations for incisional hernia repair.

Objective - to study blood microcirculation in different parts of the gingiva and to detect its individual-typological characteristics. Materials and methods. Using the methods of biomicroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), the state of microcirculation of blood in different areas of the gingiva was studied in 40 healthy young men aged 17-22 years. The registration of microcirculation was carried out in 24 points of the frontal and masticatory gingiva of the upper and lower jaws. The depth of blood vessel location was studied using histological methods on gingival samples. Results. Data were obtained on the depth and density of capillaries, structural features of the microvessels, and the intensity of tissue blood flow in different areas of the gingiva. With the increase of the distance from the mucogingival fold to gingival margin, the decrease in the density of the capillary networks was observed. Conclusions. Analysis of microcirculation at symmetrical points of the gingiva on the upper and lower jaws showed a low degree of asymmetry in healthy individuals. The predominant type of microcirculation in the gingiva in healthy subjects was the mesohaemic type (87 % of observations).

Objective - to detect the peculiarities of cellular composition of lymphoid nodules of the tracheal wall and to evaluate the neurological status of male Wistar rats with various prognostic resistance to emotional stress on day 1 after hemorrhagic stroke modeling. Materials and methods. After the determination of a resistance to emotional stress in the open field test and subsequent hemorrhagic stroke modeling the lymphoid nodules of the tracheal wall in 42 male Wistar rats were studied histologically. In addition, the neurological status of animals was assessed according to the scale of Menzies et al. (1992). Results. Under the experimental hemorrhagic stroke the destruction of lymphoid cells in tracheal wall lymphoid nodules was detected, which was especially active in stress-prone rats. Already one day after stroke modeling, the reduction of small and medium lymphocytes number was found in the basal portions of lymphoid nodules of stress-prone rats. On the contrary, the number of small and medium lymphocytes in lymphoid nodules was increased in stress-resistant rats. Neurological deficit was present in both groups of rats, with more points of the Menzies scale recorded in stress-prone rats. Conclusions. The data obtained indicate that on day 1 after hemorrhagic stroke modeling the inhibition of immune homeostasis and of the tracheal wall and neurological deficit were observed in stress-prone rats. In the latter, the neurological deficit was more pronounced than in stress-resistant rats.

Objective - to study structural changes in mast cells of rat testes of in response to exposure to stressors of different intensity. Material and methods. Testes were studied of 20 adult male Wistar rats, subjected to stressful influence of physical loads of different intensity. Mast cells numbers in the testes, their synthetic and functional activity were measured. At the same time, spermatogenesis activity was evaluated on the basis of several criteria. Results. Loads of moderate intensity had no effect on the morpho-functional state of testicular mast cells and didn’t not lead to any disurbances of spermatogenesis, indicating the appearance of training adaptive response. Prolonged exercises of high intensity lead to a decrease in the number of mast cells, reduction of their synthetic activity. Short-term loads of maximum intensity resulted in the decrease of mast cell functional activity. Conclusions. Loads of high and maximal intensity caused changes in morphological and functional parameters of mast cells in the testes of male rats and impeded normal functioning of the seminiferous tubules, providing an inhibitory effect on their sexual function.

Objective - to examine and compare maxillary morphometric parameters in normal eruption of wisdom teeth and in their retention. Materials and methods. Skulls of 80 adult people were studied that were divided into 4 groups: I - with erupted third molars; II - without the wisdom teeth germs; III - with unilateral retention of upper third molars and IV - with bilateral retention. Results. It was established that in terms of its morphometric parameters, the maxilla with bilateral retention was maximally close to that with missing germs of wisdom teeth, while the maxilla with unilateral retention was close to that with fully erupted third molars. Significant differences between the investigated groups were found in the length of the alveolar arch, the tuberal distance, the distance between prostion and basion, the distance from the incisor to the greater palatine foramina. Along with this, in difficult eruption of third molars, a decrease in the parameters of the bony palate was shown together with the presence of differences in the structure of the gnathic part of the face associated with a more distal maxillar position in retention. Conclusions. Full and timely eruption of wisdom teeth has a significant effect on the maxillary growth, as well as on the vertical profiling of the face.

Objective - to determine the signs of degranulation of mast cells of the human choroid plexus using toluidine blue staining, histochemical reaction to glycosaminoglycans and sulfaminoglycans by alcian blue and immunohistochemical reaction to mast cell tryptase. Materials and methods. The study was performed on fragments of the choroid plexus of the brain taken from 29 individuals aged 14-73 years. To assess the number and location of mast cells, some of the slides were stained with toluidine blue and alcian blue with nuclear fast red counterstaining. Also, immunohistochemical reaction to the human mast cell tryptase was carried out. Results. The applied methods of staining showed different degree of effectiveness in detecting mast cells and their degranulation. It was found that the best method for visualization of mast cells (both granulated and degranulating) in the choroid plexus was tryptase immunohistochemistry. About 60 % of the mast cells in the choroid plexus in the specimens studied were degranulating cells surrounded by an immunopositive halo showing a pericellular localization of tryptase. Conclusions. Tryptase immunohistochemistry was found to be most effective for demonstration mast cells in the choroid plexus of the human brain in comparison to classical methods of toluidine blue and alcian blue staining. The data obtained indicate that degranulation of mast cells in the human choroid plexus belongs to a type of piecemeal degranulation that permanently affects the functional activity of the plexus and, accordingly, the blood-CSF barrier.