Vol 155, No 1 (2019)

Objective - investigation of innervation of the choroid plexuses of human brain lateral ventricles. Material and methods. The research was performed on the autopsy material from 73 people (35 men aged from 27 to 94 years and 38 women aged from 44 to 96 years). Nerve fibers in the choroid plexus of the brain lateral ventricles were studied using immunohistochemical reactions demonstrating neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilaments, myelin basic protein, neuropeptide Y, tyrosine hydroxylase and tumor marker S-100. Results. The branches of the anterior choroidal artery possess well-developed innervation before entering the tissue of the vascular plexuses. Neuromarkers NSE and S-100 were demonstrated in the epithelial cells of choroid plexus. S-100 protein was also detected in pericytes and dendritic cells. Conclusions. No nerve fibers and endings were found in the stroma of choroid plexus of the brain lateral ventricles. A hypothesis was formulated about the participation of pericytes and the role of epithelial and mast cell enzymes in the regulation of the functions of the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles.

Objective - to conduct a morphometric evaluation of the end pieces of the prostatic glands, epithelium lining of the glands, and gland shape during the prenatal period and in the newborn boys. Materials and methods. The study has been performed on serial histological sections of the pelvic region of 47 human embryos and fetuses and the prostate of 7 newborns. The shape and size of the end pieces of glands and their lumina, epithelial cells of the end pieces of the glands and excretory ducts were studied. Results. The changes in size and shape of the end pieces of the glands and their lumina were detected. The transformation of epithelial cords into glandular tubules was not accompanied by an increase in their area, since the formation of a lumen occured by cell apoptosis. Conclusion. An increase in the height of the epithelium of the end pieces of the glands during the prenatal period and its decrease in the newborn boys were detected.

Objective - to examine the structure and the activity of the nucleolar organizing regions in epithelial and stromal cells of normal endometrium in women of reproductive age at different stages of the menstrual cycle by histochemical (argentaffin) reaction. Materials and methods. Biopsy specimens of normal endometrium from 30 women of reproductive age were studied. Histochemical (argentaffin) reaction was performed to determine the activity of the nucleolar organizing regions. The number of nucleoli, intranucleolar and extranucleolar argentaffin inclusions were counted in cells of glandular and surface epithelium and in the cells of the lamina propria of the uterine mucosa at different stages of the menstrual cycle. Results. During the proliferative phase, the activity of the nucleolar organizers increased in the epithelial cells and endometrial stromal fibroblasts, which indicates an increase in the activity of ribosomal biogenesis processes. In the early and middle secretory phase ribosomal biogenesis decelerated in the cells of the glandular and surface epithelium and increased in stromal fibroblasts. From the middle to late secretory phase an increased ribosomal biogenesis was observed in epithelial cells and endometrial stromal fibroblasts. No changes in the activity of the nucleolar organizers were demonstrated by J. Crocker’s technique in stromal lymphocytes and histiocytes at various phases of the menstrual cycle. Conclusions. The activity of nucleolar organizers is an informative indicator for assessing the functional state of epithelial and stromal cells of the endometrium at various phases of the menstrual cycle.

Objective - to analyze data on the density of the mineral component of the lumbar vertebrae bone tissue, to determine the time of formation and the level of accumulation of peak bone mass in people living in the European North of Russia (Republic of Karelia). Materials and methods. The parameters of mineral density of lumbar vertebrae (LI-LIV) bone tissue were analyzed according to the data of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in 177 individuals (131 women and 46 men) aged from 20 to 40 years. The comparative analysis of data on the timing of the peak bone mass formation in the other regions of the Russian Federation was performed. Results. The retardation of the formation of peak bone mass was found in the residents of Karelia - at the age of 22-25 years in women and at 22-26 years in men. The absence of significant sex differences in the maximal values of bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae was proved. It was shown that the level of mineral bone mass in the vertebrae among the inhabitants of Karelia is lower than the age norm in 5.6 % of women and 4.8 % of men. Conclusions. According to the data of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, 5-6 % of the inhabitants of the European North showed slow rates of increase of bone mineral density in the lumbar vertebrae (LI-LIV), which is apparently caused by the influence of negative factors of the European North of Russia.

Objective - to develop the methods for experimental study of the mucociliary system of the uterine tubes based on the use of modern digital technologies. Materials and methods. Using the complex of histological and specialized “Azimuth” (Russia) hardware-software system, the structural and functional organization of the uterine tubes of small laboratory animals was examined. Results and Conclusions. The methodical approaches are proposed which allow to carry out the complex morpho-functional analysis including the intravital study of the mucus flow velocity at the level of the organ and in the parietal layer, the parameters of motor activity of the ciliary apparatus, the linear sizes of microscopic objects in combination with the histological examination of the uterine tubes.

Short review presents the data on the structure of the human uterine tubes based on the analysis of domestic and foreign sources of literature. Dynamic ontogenetic changes in the uterine tube are combined with cyclic changes throughout the menstrual cycle. Angioarchitectonics of the vascular bed of uterine tube and ovary is subject to individual variability. The coordinated function of all the anatomical structures of the tube determines the woman reproductive health and the ability to perform the reproductive function.