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Vol 143, No 3 (2013)
- Year: 2013
- Articles: 23
- URL: https://j-morphology.com/1026-3543/issue/view/7542
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.20131433
Articles
MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL CHANGES OF THE PYRAMIDAL NEURONS IN VARIOUS HIPPOCAMPAL AREAS AFTER THE ISCHEMIC POSTCONDITIONING
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ischemic postconditioning (IP) on the viability of neurons in various hippocampal areas as well as on cytoplasmic activity of succinatedehydrogenase (SDH) in these cells in 30 male Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Ischemic brain injury was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 7 min. IP protocol comprised 3 cycles of 15 s of reperfusion/15 s of ischemia. After reperfusion for 48 h, the morphometric analysis was conducted, and SDH cytoplasmic activity was assessed using quantitative histochemistry in the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal areas CA1, СА2, СА3, СА4. The experiment has demonstrated that 7-minute-long ischemia resulted in a significant decrease in the number of viable neurons in CA1 area (up to 24%) and in the СА3 (to 56%) of the hippocampus; besides, it lead to the elevation of SDH activity in the cytoplasm of the neurons in all the hippocampal areas as compared to that in sham-operated animals. The application of IP significantly increased the number of viable neurons in CA1 (up to 52.9%, P<0,01) and in СА3 areas of the hippocampus(up to 88%, P<0,05), and it was accompanied by reduction of SDH activity in surviving neurons in all the hippocampal areas.
Morphology. 2013;143(3):007-013
007-013
REACTIVE CHANGES OF THE RAT BRAIN CELLULAR ELEMENTS UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF CIRCULATORY HYPOXIA
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect structural, spatial and quantitative changes of cellular elements of midbrain paranigral nucleus (PNN) and telencephalic anterior cingulate area (ACA) under different conditions of circulatory hypoxia. PNN anterior-medial part and ACA layers V–VI were examined in adult rats 7 days (n=4) after an occlusion of both common carotid arteries as well as in intact (1st control, n=4) and sham-operated animals (2nd control, n=4). In histological the sections, stained with Nissl cresyl violet, and using the methods of glial fibrillary acidic protein and an Iba1-protein detection, the proportions of unmodified, hypochromic, pyknomorphic neurons and ghost cells were determined as well as the numbers of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microgliocytes and endotheliocytes. Сell body area of neurons and gliocytes, and the distance between cell bodies and capillaries were measured, a gliocyte-neuronal index was calculated. It was found that brain cellular elements that survive different conditions of a circulatory hypoxia underwent a range of pathological changes. Neurons were in process of nuclear pyknosis, lysis and transformation into the ghost cells. The cells within the hypoxia nuclear zone were prone to death or pyknosis. The neurons located outside the area of hypoxia which were affected only by a humoral impact of reactions of the glutamate-calcium cascade, frequently underwent acute swelling. Microgliocyte reaction in the form of poorly expressed increase in their number and structural signs of activation was an early diffuse manifestation of a prosencephalic focal hypoxia. Endotheliocyte proliferation 7 days after of ischemic challenge was not associated with a chain of cascade reactions and was observed only in the hypoxia focus. Concentration of viable neurons and astrocytes near blood capillaries, as well as an increase in the number of satellite form gliocytes is an adaptation mechanism and a condition for the survival of cells during various types of brain exposure to ischemia.
Morphology. 2013;143(3):014-021
014-021
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE PROJECTIONS OF THE ROSTROMEDIAL TEGMENTAL NUCLEUS TO THE STRIATUM IN CANINE BRAIN
Abstract
Method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase and fluorochromes was used to study the organization of the projections of the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTN) to the functionally diverse regions of striatal structures of dog brain (n=26). It was found that the projection fibers of the neurons of RMTN limbic medial part were directed only to the ventral limbic segments of the nucleus caudatus, the putamen and the nucleus accumbens. However, the convergence of the projection fibers originating from the neurons of functionally different RMTN parts was observed in the majority of the segments of the striatal structures. Thus, the projection fibers of the motor lateral and the limbic medial RMTN parts were directed to the motor dorso-lateral segment of the caudate nucleus and also to the striatal segments, which were innervated by the fibers from the neurons of functionally diverse structures (ventro-lateral segment of the caudate nucleus and the lateral segment of the nucleus accumbens). Possible pathways conducting functionally different information and its integration in the investigated projection systems are discussed.
Morphology. 2013;143(3):022-026
022-026
MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN SPLEEN (AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY)
Abstract
Using immunohistochemical and morphometric methods, the quantitative composition and structural localization of immunocompetent cells were studied in human spleen (n=20, autopsy material). The detailed morpho-functional characteristics of splenic white and red pulp are presented. Cell subpopulations of T (CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +) and B lymphocytes (CD20 +), natural killer cells (CD57 +), tissue macrophages (CD68 +) and dendritic cells (CD35 +, S100 +) were studied. An analysis of the correlations of immunocompetent cells in different regions of white and red pulp may become the basis for optimization of histopathological diagnosis definition in clinical practice
Morphology. 2013;143(3):027-031
027-031
CELLULAR COMPOSITION OF DIFFUSE LYMPHOID TISSUE IN THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF HUMAN LARYNX UNDER CONDITIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL NORM AND IN FATAL HYPOTHERMIA IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)
Abstract
Using histological, morphometric and immunnohistochemical methods, cellular composition and cytoarchitectonics of diffuse lymphoid tissue in the mucous membrane of the larynx was studied in 29 men aged 17–74 years, who died from general body hypothermia in the winter period and in 27 men who died from mechanical injury during the summer. Significant changes in the cellular composition of diffuse lymphoid tissue of the mucous membrane in the various parts of the larynx were detected in fatal hypothermia, which included the decrease in the number of T-, B-lymphocytes and plasma cells and the increase in the number of macrophages in all age groups, indicating the suppression of local immunity in persons who died due to the action of low temperature.
Morphology. 2013;143(3):032-038
032-038
MORPHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES IN ARCTIC FOXES AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF VARIOUS DOSES OF VITAMINS A AND E
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effect of various doses of vitamins A and E on the morphometric parameters and surface architectonics peculiarities of peripheral blood lymphocytes in veiled Arctic foxes. Using light microscopy, it was found that in the blood of veiled Arctic foxes (n=30) most of the lymphocytes had relatively smooth surface, and only in some cells cytoplasmic protrusions were observed. Large doses of vitamins A and E that were introduced into animal diet, caused significant reduction of morphometric parameters in relatively smooth forms of lymphocytes, while vitamin A changed the microrelief of their surface.
Morphology. 2013;143(3):039-044
039-044
AGE PECULIARITIES OF THE MUSCLE REGENERATION AFTER INJURY, EXPOSURE TO HE-NE LASER AND ALLOPLASTY WITH MUSCLE TISSUE FROM THE ANIMAL OF THE SAME AGE
Abstract
The recovery of the injured muscles were studied in young (aged 1 month), adult (aged 3–4 months) and old (aged 24–30 months) outbred male rats (24 animals in each group) after alloplasty of the injured area with the muscle tissue taken from the animal of the same age under the conditions of implantation of muscle tissue, non-irradiated by laser, into the area of injury of the muscle irradiated by laser (1st series) and vice versa, implantation of the muscle tissue irradiated by laser, into the area of injured non-irradiated muscle (2nd series). It is shown that in each age group in the 1st and the 2nd series, the allogeneic muscle tissue is is capable of regeneration. The regenerate mass s and the proportion of muscle tissue in them tended to be greater in the animals in the 1-series, as compared to those in the 2nd series. Alloplasty with the muscle tissue of the animal of the same age was more effective in young rats than in the old ones.
Morphology. 2013;143(3):045-049
045-049
SOMATOTYPOLOGICAL AND REGIONAL REGULARITIES OF ULTRASOUND ANATOMY OF THE THYROID GLAND
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish the regularities of the anatomical structure of the thyroid gland (TG) in healthy people aged 17–30 years of various somatic types, living in the Rostov region. The complex study of TG was carried out in 306 healthy subjects (150 male and 156 female) with ultrasonography performed according to C. L. Brown (1981). Somatotyping was done using the technique of R. N. Dorokhov and V. G. Petrukhina (1989). Sexual dimorphism of the linear dimensions, right and left lobe volumes and of TG total volume was demonstrated. In men, TG total volume was significantly greater (P<0.05), than that in women (11.7±0.43 and 9.37±0.28 cm 3, respectively). Regional and constitutional features of the thyroid gland in healthy subjects living in the Rostov region were established. Linear dimensions, total TG volume and the volumes of TG lobes were found to be lower in the residents of the Rostov region as compared to these parameters in people living in the northern regions of Russia.
Morphology. 2013;143(3):050-053
050-053
STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE DUODENAL WALL AND ITS LYMPHOID TISSUE IN THE PERSONS OF ELDERLY AGE
Abstract
Structural organization of the duodenal wall was studied in older men (aged 70-75 years, n=15), and its lymphoid tissue was examined using the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Deformation, flattening and sparseness of the intestinal villi were identified. Atrophic phenomena in the organ mucous membrane were accompanied by the destruction of the cells of surface epithelium, crypts and glands. Simultaneous infiltration of the lamina propria with lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and malfunctions in a microcirculatory bed is indicative of the presence of inflammatory processes. The duodenum of the elderly persons was characterized by the disruption of the integrity of the lamina muscularis mucosae that lead to the displacement of the duodenal glands from submucosa to the lamina propria. The suppression of cell proliferative activity, decreased blast transformation activity in the lymphoid tissue of the intestine, along with a high degree of cell destruction, lead to the weakening of local immunity in the elderly persons.
Morphology. 2013;143(3):054-058
054-058
TISSUE REACTIONS DURING THE DEGRADATION OF POLYLACTIDE IMPLANTS IN THE BODY
Abstract
Tissue reactions, accompanying the degradation processes of polylactide (PLA) implants after their placement into the subcutaneous tissue, were studied by the methods of light microscopy in 6 month-old Wag rats (n=24) weighing 180-200 g. It was found that PLА implants became encapsulated by connective tissue. If the implant or its fragment had sharp margins that damaged the tissues, a thick capsule was formed with a distinct inflammatory infiltration and the sclerosis of the surrounding tissues. If the implant had no sharp margins, the capsule was thin, and the activity of inflammation was minimal. In all cases, the giant cells of foreign body type were present in the capsule and next to it. Gradually, during 6 months, the activity of inflammatory process subsided. Inflammation sharply increased 12 months after the implantation, when, as a result of effect of enzymes released by phagocytes and deformation by a capsule, PLA implants were either fragmented or is liquified. PLA-based materials are not totally biodegradable, and may persist in the body for a long time.
Morphology. 2013;143(3):059-065
059-065
CHANGES IN THE KNEE JOINT SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE AND ARTICULAR CARTILAGE DURING SHIN LENGTHENING BY AUTODISTRACTOR AT INCREASED DAILY RATE
Abstract
Light microscopy and computerized morpho- and stereometry were used to examine the changes in the knee joint articular cartilage and synovial membrane studied during experimental canine shin lengthening by 15% of initial length by autodistraction at increased rate – 3 mm per day with switching on the automatic device 120 times. By the end of distraction period (10 days) the destructive changes in articular cartilage were more marked in the superficial and deep zones, synovitis of moderate and mild degree was observed accompanied by the destructive changes in the blood vessels and nerves of the subsynovial layer. Regeneration of articular cartilage was incomplete, and regressive neurovascular changes persisted in synovial membrane 30 days after the device removal. Comparison of these results with the previous data obtained using the distraction rate of 3 mm applied 180 times, leads to the conclusion, significant for functional prognosis, of the worsening the parameters of structural cartilage recovery in case of distraction pitch increase from 0.017 mm to 0.025 mm.
Morphology. 2013;143(3):066-070
066-070
EXTRAEPENDYMAL EPENDYMOCYTES IN THE RAT BRAIN
Abstract
The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis on the presence, in intact rat brain, of the cells located outside the ependymal layer, but possessing the structural organization and cytochemical characteristics similar to those of ependymocytes. The study was carried out on Wistar rats (n=10). Ependymocytes were identified using immunocytochemical reactions to ezrin and vimentin and were visualized with light and confocal microscopy. Cells, structurally and cytochemically similar to typical ependymocytes, were found outside the layer of ependymocytes in the nervous tissue of intact rat brain. It is suggested that extraependymal ependymocytes may have a function of reserve population of the neural stem cells in the brain.
Morphology. 2013;143(3):071-073
071-073
VIMENTIN AND S100 PROTEIN IN THE DEVELOPING RAT DORSAL ROOT GANGLION CELLS
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the expression of vimentin, one of the intermediate filament proteins, and S100 protein in the cells of developing dorsal root ganglion in prenatal ontogenesis in Wistar rat embryos (n=22) on 12–19 days of development and in newborn rats (n=6). Immunohistochemical staining methods were used to study the formation of rat dorsal root ganglion glial cells. Vimentin-immunopositive neural and glial progenitor cells were present in dorsal root ganglion primordia in rat embryos at 12–17 prenatal days. At the later stages (day 19 of prenatal life and day 1 of postnatal life) vimentin was found to be synthesized only by the differentiating glial cells. It was shown that at the same time, S100 protein was first detected in the glial cells of rat dorsal root ganglion. On postnatal day 1, the tendency was noted for the accumulation of S100 protein in the larger neurons, that was characteristic to mature dorsal root ganglia.
Morphology. 2013;143(3):074-076
074-076
APPLICATION OF THE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF PGP 9.5 PROTEIN FOR THE STUDY OF RAT AND HUMAN HEART INNERVATION
Abstract
In this paper we describe the modern immunohistochemical method detecting the neuronal marker PGP 9.5. The application of this method for the study of the innervation of rat and human heart, the detailed examination of the topography of the cardiac nervous apparatus, as well as their changes in pathological states, is demonstrated. Structural organization and the nature of the terminal branches of nerve apparatus suggest that they have afferent function. Protocol of the reaction demonstrating PGP 9.5 on paraffin sections is presented.
Morphology. 2013;143(3):077-080
077-080
PREPODAVANIE GISTOLOGII, EMBRIOLOGII, TsITOLOGII V USLOVIYaKh REFORMIROVANIYa VYSShEY ShKOLY
Morphology. 2013;143(3):081-084
081-084
OPYT PREPODAVANIYa ANATOMII ChELOVEKA V ZAPADNO-KAZAKhSTANSKOM MEDITsINSKOM UNIVERSITETE im. M. OSPANOVA
Morphology. 2013;143(3):085-086
085-086
M. I. ShEIN — TVORETs RUSSKOY ANATOMIChESKOY I MEDITsINSKOY TERMINOLOGII (K 300-LETIYu SO DNYa ROZhDENIYa)
Morphology. 2013;143(3):087-091
087-091
S. L. Kuznetsov, V. E. Torbek i V. G. Derevyanko. Gistologiya organov polosti rta. Atlas. M., GEOTAR-Media, 2012
Morphology. 2013;143(3):092-093
092-093
V. P. Nikolaenko i Yu. S. Astakhov. Orbital'nye perelomy: rukovodstvo dlya vrachey. SPb., Eko-Vektor, 2012, 436 s
Morphology. 2013;143(3):093-094
093-094
V. V. Semchenko, S. I. Ereniev, S. S. Stepanov, A. M. Dygay, V. G. Oshchepkov iI. N. Lebedev. Regenerativnaya biologiya i meditsina. Kn. 1. Gennye tekhnologii i klonirovanie. Omsk, Moskva, Tomsk, Omskaya oblastnaya tipografiya, 2012, 296 s
Morphology. 2013;143(3):094-095
094-095
A. A. Stadnikov i O. V. Bukharin. Gipotalamicheskaya neyrosekretsiya i strukturnofunktsional'nyy gomeostaz pro-i eukariot (morfologicheskie osnovy reaktivnosti, plastichnosti i regeneratsii). Orenburg, Izd-vo OrGMA, 2012, 296 s
Morphology. 2013;143(3):096-097
096-097
VALENTINA EFREMOVNA SERGEEVA (k 70-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya)
Morphology. 2013;143(3):098-098
098-098
PAVEL MARKOVICh TRYaSUChEV (k 75-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya)
Morphology. 2013;143(3):099-099
099-099